Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Comprehensive Frailty Assessment Instrument in Chinese community-dwelling older adults.

To cross-culturally adapt and validate the Comprehensive Frailty Assessment Instrument (CFAI) among Chinese community-dwelling older adults. The Chinese CFAI was developed through forward-backward translations. An urban sample of 1235 community-dwelling older adults received face-to-face interviews to examine the validity (construct validity and criterion validity) and reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reliability). The Chinese CFAI achieved semantic and idiomatic equivalence, and showed acceptable reliability and an expected factor structure, except for the social support domain. The exploratory factor analysis extracted five factors explaining 53.8% of the total variance of frailty. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the data fit well to the second-order factor theoretical model, with a root mean square error of approximation of 0.05, Tucker-Lewis Index of 0.93 and Comparative Fit Index of 0.95. The receiver operating characteristic analysis presented an acceptable criterion validity using the Rockwood Frailty Index as an external criterion (area under the curve 0.80), with balanced sensitivity (65.31%) and specificity (81.19%) at the optimal 39-point frailty cut-off of the CFAI. The Chinese CFAI has good validity and reliability as a practical frailty measure in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 301-307.

Qiao X ，Wang C ，Tian X ，Dong L ，Liu N ，Jin Y ，Si H ... -  《-》

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the FRAIL Scale in Chinese Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

To cross-culturally adapt and test the FRAIL scale in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. Cross-sectional study. The Chinese FRAIL scale was generated by translation and back-translation. An urban sample of 1235 Chinese community-dwelling older adults was enrolled to test its psychometric properties, including convergent validity, criterion validity, known-group divergent validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The Chinese FRAIL scale achieved semantic, idiomatic, and experiential equivalence. The convergent validity was confirmed by statistically significant kappa coefficients (0.209-0.401, P < .001) of each item with its corresponding alternative measurement, including the 7th item of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, the Timed Up and Go test, 4-m walking speed, polypharmacy, and the Short-Form Mini Nutritional Assessment. Using the Fried frailty phenotype as an external criterion, the Chinese FRAIL scale showed satisfactory diagnostic accuracy for frailty (area under the curve = 0.91). The optimal cut-point for frailty was 2 (sensitivity: 86.96%, specificity: 85.64%). The Chinese FRAIL scale had fair agreement with the Fried frailty phenotype (kappa = 0.274, P < .001), and classified more participants into frailty (17.2%) than the Fried frailty phenotype (3.9%). More frail individuals were recognized by the Chinese FRAIL scale among older and female participants than their counterparts (P < .001), respectively. It had low internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson formula 20 = 0.485) and good test-retest reliability within a 7- to 15-day interval (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.708). The Chinese FRAIL scale presents acceptable validity and reliability and can apply to Chinese community-dwelling older adults.

Dong L ，Qiao X ，Tian X ，Liu N ，Jin Y ，Si H ，Wang C ... -  《-》

Validation of the Persian version of the comprehensive frailty assessment instrument plus in community-dwelling older adults.

This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Persian Version of the Comprehensive Frailty Assessment Instrument Plus (CFAI-Plus) among community-dwelling older adults. It was completed by 340 older adults ≥60 years. The content and face validity were confirmed based on the opinion of the target group and experts. In the exploratory factor analysis, seven factors were extracted, explaining 62.8% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable fit indices (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.045; Comparative Fit Index = 0.93; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.92). Internal consistency was adequate for factors (Cronbach's alpha: range 0.47 to 0.88), and the test-retest reliability was acceptable (intra-class correlation coefficient: range 0.76 to 0.92). A higher CFAI-Plus score were found in those who were older, female, less-educated, single, lived alone, and had inadequate income. This study supports the reliability and validity of the Persian CFAI-Plus in community-dwelling older adults.

Imani M ，Khajeh M ，Khosravi A ，Ebrahimi H ... -  《-》

Assessment of frailty in Saudi community-dwelling older adults: validation of measurements.

Alqahtani BA ，Nasser TA 《-》

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI) among Chinese community-dwelling older adults.

The objective was to examine the feasibility, reliability and validity of the Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI) among Chinese community-dwelling older adults. Of the 1230 participants, 1202 (97.7%) completed all items on the GFI. The internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's α = 0.64), and the test-retest reliability within a 7-15-day interval was good (ICC = 0.87). The GFI showed good diagnostic accuracy in the identification of frailty with reference to the frailty index (AUC = 0.84), and the optimal frailty cut-point was 3. Convergent validity was supported by significant correlations between each domain of the GFI and the corresponding alternative measurement(s). Higher proportions of frailty (GFI ≥ 3) were found in those who were older, female, less-educated, lived alone, and had 2 or more chronic diseases than in their counterparts, supporting its known-group discriminant validity. The Chinese GFI has good feasibility, acceptable reliability and satisfactory validity among community-dwelling older adults.

Tian X ，Qiao X ，Dong L ，Liu N ，Si H ，Jin Y ，Liu X ，Wang C ... -  《-》