Choline prevents fetal overgrowth and normalizes placental fatty acid and glucose metabolism in a mouse model of maternal obesity.

Maternal obesity increases placental transport of macronutrients, resulting in fetal overgrowth and obesity later in life. Choline participates in fatty acid metabolism, serves as a methyl donor and influences growth signaling, which may modify placental macronutrient homeostasis and affect fetal growth. Using a mouse model of maternal obesity, we assessed the effect of maternal choline supplementation on preventing fetal overgrowth and restoring placental macronutrient homeostasis. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a high-fat (HF, 60% kcal from fat) diet or a normal (NF, 10% kcal from fat) diet with a drinking supply of either 25 mM choline chloride or control purified water, respectively, beginning 4 weeks prior to mating until gestational day 12.5. Fetal and placental weight, metabolites and gene expression were measured. HF feeding significantly (P<.05) increased placental and fetal weight in the HF-control (HFCO) versus NF-control (NFCO) animals, whereas the HF choline-supplemented (HFCS) group effectively normalized placental and fetal weight to the levels of the NFCO group. Compared to HFCO, the HFCS group had lower (P<.05) glucose transporter 1 and fatty acid transport protein 1 expression as well as lower accumulation of glycogen in the placenta. The HFCS group also had lower (P<.05) placental 4E-binding protein 1 and ribosomal protein s6 phosphorylation, which are indicators of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 activation favoring macronutrient anabolism. In summary, our results suggest that maternal choline supplementation prevented fetal overgrowth in obese mice at midgestation and improved biomarkers of placental macronutrient homeostasis.

Nam J ，Greenwald E ，Jack-Roberts C ，Ajeeb TT ，Malysheva OV ，Caudill MA ，Axen K ，Saxena A ，Semernina E ，Nanobashvili K ，Jiang X ... -  《-》

Maternal overweight induced by a diet with high content of saturated fat activates placental mTOR and eIF2alpha signaling and increases fetal growth in rats.

Gaccioli F ，White V ，Capobianco E ，Powell TL ，Jawerbaum A ，Jansson T ... -  《-》

Choline Supplementation Normalizes Fetal Adiposity and Reduces Lipogenic Gene Expression in a Mouse Model of Maternal Obesity.

Jack-Roberts C ，Joselit Y ，Nanobashvili K ，Bretter R ，Malysheva OV ，Caudill MA ，Saxena A ，Axen K ，Gomaa A ，Jiang X ... -  《Nutrients》

Maternal betaine supplementation affects fetal growth and lipid metabolism of high-fat fed mice in a temporal-specific manner.

Joselit Y ，Nanobashvili K ，Jack-Roberts C ，Greenwald E ，Malysheva OV ，Caudill MA ，Saxena A ，Jiang X ... -  《Nutrition & Diabetes》

Maternal Choline and Betaine Supplementation Modifies the Placental Response to Hyperglycemia in Mice and Human Trophoblasts.

Nanobashvili K ，Jack-Roberts C ，Bretter R ，Jones N ，Axen K ，Saxena A ，Blain K ，Jiang X ... -  《Nutrients》