[Burnout in Tunisian medical residents: About 149 cases].

Burnout is a professional psychological chronic stress-induced syndrome defined by three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment. This syndrome concerns all professions but especially healthcare staff. Numerous studies have attempted to document the impact of work activities on the doctor's mental health. According to the literature, junior doctors are more vulnerable to develop this syndrome. Are to determine the prevalence of severe burnout among residents of different specialties: anesthesiology, general surgery, emergency medicine, psychiatry, basic sciences. The secondary end points are to analyze risk factors, causes and consequences associated with burnout. A cross-sectional study conducted among medical residents working in hospitals located in the governorates of Tunis. Three instruments were used: an anonymous self-administered questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to assess burnout, and Abstract Beck Depression Inventory to evaluate the intensity of depression. Severe burnout was defined as a severely high level of both emotional exhaustion and depersonalization associated with a severely low level of personal accomplishment. A total of 149 participants (response rate=76.8%) participated in the survey. Among participants, 17.14% (n=26) had a severe burnout. The emergency medicine residents had the highest rate of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and severe depression. Overall, resident respondents, 31% (n=46), had moderate to severe depression. Among stress factors, those significantly correlated to burnout were: lack of hobbies (P<0.001), bad job conditions (P=0.031), poor conditions of the workplace (P=0.046), relationship problems in workplace (P=0.01), work-family conflicts (P<0.001). The consequences of occupational stress associated with burnout were: Antecedents of specialty change (P=0.017) and desire for a specialty change (P<0.001). A significant correlation between depression and severe burnout was not found. Medical residents in all specialties are at risk of burnout. Nevertheless, this study revealed that some specialties are more exhausting, which is consistent with the results reported in the literature. Moreover, it is shown that several stress factors as well as many consequences are related to severe burnout, which is in agreement with numerous studies. However, results between different studies are disparate.

Ben Zid A ，Homri W ，Ben Romdhane I ，Bram N ，Labbane R ... -  《ENCEPHALE-REVUE DE PSYCHIATRIE CLINIQUE BIOLOGIQUE ET THERAPEUTIQUE》

[Prevalence of burnout among obstetrics and gynecology residents].

Prevalence assessment of burnout among obstetrics and gynecology residents and predisposing factors. Multicentric cross-sectional survey based on a questionnaire sent by email to the residents including demographics data and Maslach Burnout Inventory. Mean burnout scores were 19.67±10.19 for emotional exhaustion, 33.94±5.01 for personal accomplishment and 8.72±6.10 for depersonalization, corresponding to a moderate burnout for each category. High scores of burnout were seen on 19.45 % of residents for emotional exhaustion, 33.33 % for depersonalization and 11.11 % for personal accomplishment. 36.11 % of residents showed evidence of high burnout in emotional exhaustion or depersonalization, and 5.55 % in the three dimensions. The number of semesters is correlated with depersonalization (P=0.01). There is a strong personal accomplishment among obstetrics and gynecology residents; however, burnout and emotional exhaustion remains a reality during obstetrics and gynecology residency.

Rua C ，Body G ，Marret H ，Ouldamer L ... -  《-》

[Stress and burnout among Tunisian teachers].

Burnout, or professional exhaustion syndrome, is defined as a state of emotional, mental and physical exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress at work. Despite the fact that it is not a recognized disorder in the DSM-IV, burnout has been widely described among medical and paramedical staff. In Tunisia, all the studies about this syndrome have only considered populations of doctors. However, professional exhaustion syndrome is not only limited to the medical sector, but can also be seen in any profession involving a relation of help. Thus, the teaching profession seems to be concerned with this syndrome. In fact, in our clinical practice, we are increasingly confronted with teachers' suffering. The latter face increasing difficulties in their work and moreover some of them can no longer resist and thus become vulnerable to the professional exhaustion syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate burnout among a population of Tunisian teachers and to examine the professional stressors associated with teachers' burnout. Our study was a transversal study conducted over five months (from October 2009 to February 2010) and it concerned teachers working in the public high schools of Manouba (Tunisia). The participants completed a self-questionnaire dealing with professional stressors. Five types of professional stressors were identified in the literature: bad working conditions, work overload, administrative difficulties, organizational factors and difficulties with pupils and their relatives. They were also explored by the scale of the burnout: the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), which is the best-studied measurement of burnout in the literature. We used the French version of the MBI adapted to educational settings. It is a scale composed of 22 items and three dimensions: emotional exhaustion (nine items), dehumanization (five items) and reduced personal accomplishment (eight items). In our study, we considered a teacher was suffering from burnout when at least two among the three dimensions of this scale were pathological. From the total number of teachers working in public high schools of Manouba (n=876), only 398 teachers filled in our questionnaires. Hence the rate of participation was 45.4%. The mean age of those participants was 40.04 years. 52.3% of them were women (sex ratio=0.91) and the great majority was married (81.8%). The burnout syndrome was found in 21% of those teachers: Moderate professional exhaustion was found in 16.4% of cases and severe professional exhaustion was found in 4.6%. A high emotional exhaustion was found in 27.4% of cases. A percentage of 16.1 of participants had a high dehumanization and 45.5% of them were susceptible to reduced personal accomplishment. The majority of teachers (66.4%) declared being stressed at work. The professional stressors reported by the teachers were in decreasing order of rate: bad working conditions (80.3%), overload work (75.2%), administrative difficulties (70.4%), difficulties with pupils and their relatives (64.4%) and finally organizational factors (57.1%). In our study, we found a strong association between burnout syndrome among teachers and three types of professional stressors which were: bad working conditions (p=0.0017), administrative difficulties (p=0.005) and difficulties with pupils and their relatives (p=0.005). The organizational factors and the work overload were not associated with the burnout syndrome. The job of teaching accumulates many difficulties. Some Tunisian teachers cannot tolerate this professional stress and develop a burnout. This syndrome leads to a teachers' psychological distress with the risk of an increase in absenteeism at work. So, we hope that this study will give rise to future research on stress, coping and burnout among Tunisian teachers, with theoretical aims as well as practical applications to prevent and reduce the risk of this problem.

Chennoufi L ，Ellouze F ，Cherif W ，Mersni M ，M'rad MF ... -  《ENCEPHALE-REVUE DE PSYCHIATRIE CLINIQUE BIOLOGIQUE ET THERAPEUTIQUE》

Prevalence of burnout, depression and job satisfaction among French senior and resident radiation oncologists.

Cancer caregivers are at high risk of burn-out, with potential severe consequences on professionals' health and on patients' care. We have investigated the prevalence of burn-out and its impact in terms of psychological morbidity among French radiation oncologists. An anonymous online questionnaire was advertised in all French senior radiation oncologists and residents, including demographical data, job-related stress factors, drug use, the Maslach Burn-out Inventory (MBI) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The response rates were 37% (76 out of 204) for radiation oncologists and 22% (166 out of 751) for residents. Sixty-four (84%) radiation oncology residents and 104 (63%) radiation oncologists met criteria for moderate/severe burn-out (odd ratio 2.1 [95% confidence interval 1.0-4.8], P=0.03). Radiation oncology residents were more prone to depersonalization (P<0.001) and lower personal accomplishment (P<0.001). Burn-out was more frequent in radiation oncologists working for public facilities. Symptoms of depression (GHQ-12≥4) were reported by 42% of residents and 36% of radiation oncologists (P=0.40). Psychological morbidity, suicidal ideation and anxiolytic consumption were more frequent in burnt out responders. Our figures are in the highest range of published data. Active screening and prevention of burn-out should be implemented and particularly aimed at radiation oncology residents.

Lazarescu I ，Dubray B ，Joulakian MB ，Blanchard P ，Chauvet B ，Mahé MA ，Mornex F ，Rocher F ，Thureau S ... -  《-》

[Frequent high-level burnout among general practitioners and residents].

Adám S ，Torzsa P ，Gyorffy Z ，Vörös K ，Kalabay L ... -  《ORVOSI HETILAP》