Influence of α-tocopherol and α-lipoic acid on bisphenol-A-induced oxidative damage in liver and ovarian tissue of rats.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a commonly used material in daily life, and it is argued to cause oxidative stress in liver and ovarian tissue. α-Lipoic acid (ALA) and α-tocopherol (ATF), two of the most effective antioxidants, may play a role in preventing the toxic effect. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the beneficial effects of ALA, ATF, and that of ALA + ATF combination on oxidative damage induced by BPA. Female Wistar rats were divided into five groups (control, BPA, BPA + ALA, BPA + ATF, and BPA + ALA + ATF). BPA (25 mg/kg/day), ALA (100 mg/kg/day), and ATF (20 mg/kg/day) were administered for 30 days. The levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), liver malondialdehyde (L-MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (L-GPx), and ovarian malondialdehyde (Ov-MDA) and nitric oxide (Ov-NO) were significantly higher in the BPA-treated groups compared with the control group. The levels of AST and ALT decreased in the BPA + ALA, BPA + ATF, and BPA + ALA + ATF groups compared with the BPA group. Similarly, BPA + ALA or BPA + ATF led to decreases in L-MDA and Ov-MDA levels compared with the BPA group. However, the BPA + ALA + ATF group showed a significant decrease in L-MDA levels compared with the BPA + ALA group and the BPA + ATF group. The levels of L-GPx decreased in the BPA + ATF and the BPA + ALA + ATF groups compared with the BPA group. The administration of ATF and ALA + ATF significantly decreased the Ov-NO levels. This study demonstrates that BPA causes oxidative damage in liver and ovarian tissues. ALA, ATF, or their combination were found to be beneficial in preventing BPA-induced oxidative stress.
Avci B
，Bahadir A
，Tuncel OK
，Bilgici B
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The protective effects of alpha lipoic acid on methotrexate induced testis injury in rats.
Methotrexate (MTX) is frequently used in the treatment of several diseases including cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and dermatomyositis. Previously, chemotherapeutic agents have been reported to cause permanent azoospermia and infertility in men. Methotrexate has been also shown to damage the seminiferous tubules of the testicles, lower the sperm count, and cause genetic mutations (in DNA) in sperm. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on MTX-induced testicle damage in a rat model. A total of 40 male Wistar Albino rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into four groups including 10 rats in each. The first group (control group) received only saline intraperitoneal (i.p.); the second group (ALA group) was given ALA 100 mg/kg i.p.; the third group (MTX group) received single dose MTX 20 mg/kg i.p.; and the fourth group (MTX + ALA group) received single dose MTX 20 mg/kg i.p. and ALA 100 mg/kg i.p. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in the testicular tissue and serum testosterone, serum total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were biochemically evaluated. Testicular tissues histopathologically evaluated. In the MTX group, the MDA, TAS and TOS levels were higher, while the SOD, CAT, GPx, MPO and serum testosterone levels decreased. Compared to the MTX group, the MDA, TAS and TOS levels were lower and the SOD, CAT, GPx, MPO and serum testosterone levels increased in the MTX + ALA group. In the histopathological examination, the mean seminiferous tubule length (MSTD), germinal epithelial cell thickness (GECT), and mean testicular biopsy score (MTBS) were found to significantly decrease in the MTX group, compared to the control group. These values were significantly higher in the MTX + ALA group, compared to the MTX group (p < 0.05). In our experimental study, MTX caused severe tissue destruction in testicles by increasing the formation of free oxygen radicals. Based on our study results, we suggest that, as a potent free radical scavenger, ALA can reduce MTX-induced testicular tissue damage thanks to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Pınar N
，Çakırca G
，Özgür T
，Kaplan M
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Effects of pentoxifylline and alpha lipoic acid on methotrexate-induced damage in liver and kidney of rats.
The aim of the current study was to investigate the probable protective effects of Pentoxifylline (PTX) and Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA), which display anti-oxidative efficacy against hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, those being the major side effects of Methotrexate (MTX). Rats were divided into four groups: a control group; MTX (20mg/kg/day) group; MTX+PTX (20mg/kg/day+50mg/kg/day) group; and an MTX+ALA (20mg/kg/day+100mg/kg/day) group. At the end of the experiment, biochemical, histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on liver and kidney tissues of rats. We determined Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO) and Xanthine Oxidase (XO) levels in the liver and kidney. Moreover, Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), Direct Bilirubin (DBil), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), and urea levels were measured in the serum. The histochemical evaluation revealed a significant decrease in MTX caused damage in the PTX- and ALA-treated groups (especially in ALA group). On the other hand, the immune staining of iNOS and TNF-α were observed most densely in the MTX group, while the density decreased in the PTX- and ALA-administered groups. We determined increased GGT, BUN, urea and levels of CAT, MDA, NO, and XO values in both groups, while GSH-Px (an increase in liver tissue) and DBil levels were decreased in the group that received MTX. However, we determined decreased SOD levels in liver tissue. In the PTX and ALA groups, the levels of GGT, BUN and urea as well as the levels of CAT, MDA, NO and XO decreased (SOD increased in the liver tissue), and the levels of GSH-Px and DBil increased. In conclusion, it can be stated that, although ALA is more effective in preventing the toxic effects of MTX on the liver and kidney, PTX also has a preventive effect. As a result, we can readily suggest that ALA and PTX can have protective effects by decreasing MDA, NO, BUN and urea values as antioxidants against MTX-induced damage in liver and kidney of rats.
Armagan I
，Bayram D
，Candan IA
，Yigit A
，Celik E
，Armagan HH
，Uğuz AC
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