Modulation of the lipid profile and insulin levels of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats by ethanol extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves and some fractions: Effect on the oral glucose tolerance of normoglycemic rats.

No study to date has investigated the effect of different polar solvent extracts from Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves on glycemic control as used in folk medicine. Hence this study which investigated the effect of ethanol extract and fractions of C. aconitifolius leaves on body weights, relative organ weights, serum levels of glucose, lipid profiles and insulin in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and on oral glucose tolerance of normoglycemic rats. The ethanol extract was partitioned using methanol, hexane and chloroform to obtain different fractions. The ethanol extract, fractions or glibenclamide demonstrated hypoglycemic/therapeutic actions as seen from the reduction of serum glucose but increase in serum insulin and body weights of the diabetic rats at the end of experimentation following their administration, unlike the diabetic control that had significant alteration of these parameters with respect to the normal control. Whereas the diabetic control had significant increase in pancreatic weights with no alteration in the heart weights, the ethanol extract, fractions or glibenclamide had no effect on these organs. The ethanol extract, methanol fractions or glibenclamide showed better hypoglycemic actions than the n-hexane or chloroform fractions at the doses used and results obtained were corroborated by histology. Furthermore, the ethanol extract, n-hexane (at 250mg/kg) and methanol fractions or glibenclamide improved glucose tolerance in glucose loaded normal rats. The methanol fraction (500mg/kg) demonstrated anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-hypertriglyceridemic and insulin modulatory properties in a manner akin to glibenclamide. Acute toxicity study revealed the non toxicity of the plant CONCLUSION: The study justifies the use of polar solvent extracts of this plant in the management of diabetes mellitus.

Achi NK ，Ohaeri OC ，Ijeh II ，Eleazu C ... -  《-》

Antidiabetic properties of ethanolic extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on alloxan induced diabetes mellitus in rats.

Oyagbemi AA ，Odetola AA ，Azeez OI 《-》

Ameliorative Potentials of Methanol Fractions of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on Some Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats.

There is a paucity of information in the literature on the effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on the hematological, coagulation activities, electrolyte balance and antioxidant activities of humans or animals. To determine the ameliorative potentials of methanol fractions of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on hematological, coagulation, electrolyte, hepatic and renal antioxidant activities of streptozotocininduced diabetic rats using standard techniques. Thirty rats, distributed into five groups of six rats each were used for this study. Groups 1 and 2 (normal and diabetic controls) received 1 ml/kg normal saline. Groups 3 and 4 received methanol fractions of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (at 250 and 500 mg/kg). Group 5 was administered glibenclamide (2.5 mg/kg). The diabetic control had decreased (P<0.05) white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, lymphocytes, eosinophils, thrombin time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate ions, hepatic and renal superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities; increased (P<0.05) neutrophils, fibrinogen and platelets counts, chloride ion levels compared with the normal control while their monocytes were not different (P>0.05) from that of the normal control. Basophils were not detected in all the groups that were studied. The methanol fraction at 500 mg/kg was more potent than the methanol fraction at 250 mg/kg or glibenclamide (at 2.5 mg/kg) in ameliorating the hematological parameters, serum electrolytes and oxidative stress in the hepatic and kidney tissues of the diabetic rats suggesting its potentials in the management of diabetic complications. Finally, the biological properties demonstrated by the methanol fraction could be attributed to the presence of octadecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, eicosanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid and n-hexadecanoic acid in it as previously reported.

Ngozi A ，Christopher O ，Ifeoma I ，Chinedum E ，Kalu I ，Chima O ... -  《-》

Hypoglycemic activity of leaf organic extracts from Smallanthus sonchifolius: Constituents of the most active fractions.

The aim of the present study was to determine the in vivo hypoglycemic activity of five organic extracts and enhydrin obtained from yacon leaves. The main constituents of the most active fraction were identified. Five organic extracts and pure crystalline enhydrin were administered to normoglycemic, transiently hyperglycemic and streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. The fasting and post-prandial blood glucose, and serum insulin levels were estimated and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed for the evaluation of hypoglycemic activity and dose optimization of each extract. We found that the methanol, butanol and chloroform extracts showed effective hypoglycemic activity at minimum doses of 50, 10 and 20mg/kg body weight, respectively, and were selected for further experiments. Oral administration of a single-dose of each extract produced a slight lowering effect in the fasting blood glucose level of normal healthy rats, whereas each extract tempered significantly the hyperglycemic peak after food ingestion. Daily administration of each extract for 8 weeks produced an effective glycemic control in diabetic animals with an increase in the plasma insulin level. Phytochemical analysis of the most active fraction, the butanol extract, showed that caffeic, chlorogenic and three dicaffeoilquinic acids were significant components. Additionally, enhydrin, the major sesquiterpene lactone of yacon leaves, was also effective to reduce post-prandial glucose and useful in the treatment of diabetic animals (minimum dose: 0.8mg/kg body weight). The results presented here strongly support the notion that the phenolic compounds above as well as enhydrin are important hypoglycemic principles of yacon leaves that could ameliorate the diabetic state.

Genta SB ，Cabrera WM ，Mercado MI ，Grau A ，Catalán CA ，Sánchez SS ... -  《-》

Evaluation of the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Morinda lucida stem bark extract in streptozotocin intoxicated rats.

Domekouo UL ，Longo F ，Tarkang PA ，Tchinda AT ，Tsabang N ，Donfagsiteli NT ，Tamze V ，Kamtchouing P ，Agbor GA ... -  《Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences》