Mortality benefit of long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers after successful percutaneous coronary intervention in non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have been shown to reduce mortality after myocardial infarction (MI). Current guidelines recommend their prescription in all patients after MI. Limited data are available on whether ACEIs/ARBs still improve prognosis in the contemporary era of non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI) management. We aimed to evaluate the mortality benefit of ACEIs/ARBs in NSTEMI patients treated successfully with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We analyzed 2784 patients with NSTEMI treated successfully with in-hospital PCI. Two groups were formed based on ACEI/ARB prescription at discharge. Two propensity score (PS) analyses were performed to control for differences in covariates: one with adjustment among the entire cohort, and the other with PS matching (n=1626). The outcome variable was all-cause mortality at four-year follow-up. There were 1902 (68.3%) patients prescribed ACEIs/ARBs at discharge. When adjusted by PS, ACEI/ARB use was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) for mortality of 0.75 (0.60-0.94; absolute risk reduction [ARR] 4.0%) in the whole cohort (p=0.01). After one-to-one PS matching (n=813 in each group), the mortality rate was significantly lower in patients prescribed ACEIs/ARBs, with HR of 0.77 (0.63-0.94; ARR 3.8%) (p=0.03). In this observational study of patients with NSTEMI, all of them treated successfully by PCI, the use of ACEIs/ARBs was significantly associated with a lower risk of four-year all-cause mortality.

González-Cambeiro MC ，López-López A ，Abu-Assi E ，Raposeiras-Roubín S ，Peña-Gil C ，García-Acuña J ，González-Juanatey R ... -  《-》

Comparison of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers in patients with diabetes mellitus and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention.

Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) are known to be beneficial for either non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients or diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. However, the comparative efficacy of ACEI versus ARB in patients with NSTEMI and DM is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the protective efficacy of ACEI versus ARB in patients with NSTEMI and DM, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES). Among 53,281 patients enrolled in the nationwide Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry, 3426 patients with NSTEMI and DM, who were treated with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, had undergone successful PCI with DESs. They were classified into two groups: ACEI group (N = 2076), and ARB group (N = 1350). Individual major clinical outcomes and major adverse cardiac events (MACE), the composite of total death, myocardial infarction (MI), and revascularization were compared between the two groups for up to two years. After propensity score-matching analysis, two propensity-matched groups (1103 pairs, total = 2206) were generated, and the baseline characteristics were balanced. Although all causes of death and recurrent MI were not different between the two groups, the incidence of revascularization (4.0% vs. 7.1%; p = 0.002), including target vessel (2.3% vs. 5.0; p = 0.002), and MACE (8.7% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.008), were lower in the ACEI group than the ARB group at two-year follow-up. Compared with ARB, no beneficial effects of ACEI on all causes of death, cardiac death, or recurrence of MI were observed, but ACEI reduced the incidence of revascularization and MACE in this population. Thus, well-designed trials with a larger population are needed to confirm these results.

Byun JK ，Choi BG ，Rha SW ，Choi SY ，Jeong MH ，Other Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR) investigators ... -  《-》

Impact of renin-angiotensin system blockade on the prognosis of acute coronary syndrome based on left ventricular ejection fraction.

For patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), it is unclear whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) are associated with reduced mortality, particularly with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The goal of this study was to determine the association between ACEI/ARB and mortality in ACS patients undergoing PCI, with and without reduced LVEF. Data from the BleeMACS registry were used. The endpoint was 1-year all-cause mortality. The prognostic value of ACEI/ARB was tested after weighting by survival-time inverse probability and after adjustment by Cox regression, propensity score, and instrumental variable analysis. Among 15 401 ACS patients who underwent PCI, ACEI/ARB were prescribed in 75.2%. There were 569 deaths (3.7%) during the first year after hospital discharge. After multivariable adjustment, ACEI/ARB were associated with lower 1-year mortality, ≤ 40% (HR, 0.62; 95%CI, 0.43-0.90; P=.012). The relative risk reduction of ACEI/ARB in mortality was 46.1% in patients with LVEF ≤ 40%, and 15.7% in patients with LVEF> 40% (P value for treatment-by-LVEF interaction=.008). For patients with LVEF> 40%, ACEI/ARB was associated with lower mortality only in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (HR, 0.44; 95%CI, 0.21-0.93; P=.031). The benefit of ACEI/ARB in decreasing mortality after an ACS in patients undergoing PCI is concentrated in patients with LVEF ≤ 40%, and in those with LVEF> 40% and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. In non-ST-segment elevation-ACS patients with LVEF> 40%, further studies are needed to assess the prognostic impact of ACEI/ARB.

Raposeiras-Roubín S ，Abu-Assi E ，Cespón-Fernández M ，Ibáñez B ，García-Ruiz JM ，D'Ascenzo F ，Simao Henriques JP ，Saucedo J ，Caneiro-Queija B ，Cobas-Paz R ，Muñoz-Pousa I ，Wilton SB ，González Juanatey JR ，Kikkert WJ ，Núñez-Gil I ，Ariza-Solé A ，Song X ，Alexopoulos D ，Liebetrau C ，Kawaji T ，Gaita F ，Huczek Z ，Nie SP ，Yan Y ，Fujii T ，Correia L ，Kawashiri MA ，Kedev S ，Southern D ，Alfonso E ，Terol B ，Garay A ，Zhang D ，Chen Y ，Xanthopoulou I ，Osman N ，Möllmann H ，Shiomi H ，Giordana F ，Kowara M ，Filipiak K ，Wang X ，Fan JY ，Ikari Y ，Nakahayshi T ，Sakata K ，Yamagishi M ，Kalpak O ，Íñiguez-Romo A ... -  《-》

Comparative Effectiveness of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Versus Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Following Contemporary Treatments in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results from the Korean Working Group in Myocardial Infarction (K

Song PS ，Seol SH ，Seo GW ，Kim DK ，Kim KH ，Yang JH ，Hahn JY ，Gwon HC ，Ahn Y ，Jeong MH ，Song YB ，Kim DI ，Other Korean Working Group in Myocardial Infarction Registry Investigators ... -  《-》

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers as an Alternative to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are the first choice for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) should be considered in patients intolerant to ACEIs. Although previous studies support the use of ARBs as an alternative to ACEIs, these studies showed inconsistent results. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the clinical impact of ARBs as an alternative to ACEIs in patients with AMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The CardiOvascular Risk and idEntificAtion of potential high-risk population in AMI (COREA-AMI) registry enrolled all consecutive patients with AMI undergoing PCI. The primary endpoint was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalization due to heart failure. Of the 3,328 eligible patients, ARBs replaced ACEIs in 816 patients, while 824 patients continued to use ACEIs and 826 patients continued to use ARBs. The remaining 862 patients did not receive ACEIs/ARBs. After the adjustment with inverse probability weighting, the primary endpoints in the first groups were similar (7.5% vs. 8.0%, hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-1.05; P = 0.164). Composite events were less frequent in the ACEI to ARB group than no ACEI/ARB group (7.5% vs. 11.8%, HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.64-0.90; P = 0.002). The alternative use of ARBs following initial treatment with ACEIs demonstrates comparable clinical outcomes to those with continued use of ACEIs and is associated with an improved rate of composite events compared to no ACEI/ARB use in patients with AMI undergoing PCI. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02385682.

Lim S ，Choo EH ，Choi IJ ，Ihm SH ，Kim HY ，Ahn Y ，Chang K ，Jeong MH ，Seung KB ... -  《-》