Y-box-binding protein 1 as a non-canonical factor of base excision repair.

Base excision repair (BER) is a flagship DNA repair system responsible for maintaining genome integrity. Apart from basal enzymes, this system involves several accessory factors essential for coordination and regulation of DNA processing during substrate channeling. Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1), a multifunctional factor that can interact with DNA, RNA, poly(ADP-ribose) and plenty of proteins including DNA repair enzymes, is increasingly considered as a non-canonical protein of BER. Here we provide quantitative characterization of YB-1 physical interactions with key BER factors such as PARP1, PARP2, APE1, NEIL1 and pol β and comparison of the full-length YB-1 and its C-terminally truncated nuclear form in regard to their binding affinities for BER proteins. Data on functional interactions reveal strong stimulation of PARP1 autopoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) degradation by PARG in the presence of YB-1. Moreover, YB-1 is shown to stimulate AP lyase activity of NEIL1 and to inhibit dRP lyase activity of pol β on model DNA duplex structure. We also demonstrate for the first time YB-1 poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in the presence of RNA.

Alemasova EE ，Moor NA ，Naumenko KN ，Kutuzov MM ，Sukhanova MV ，Pestryakov PE ，Lavrik OI ... -  《-》

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation as a new posttranslational modification of YB-1.

Multifunctional Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is actively studied as one of the components of cellular response to genotoxic stress. However, the precise role of YB-1 in the process of DNA repair is still obscure. In the present work we report for the first time new posttranslational modification of YB-1 - poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, catalyzed by one of the main regulatory enzymes of DNA repair - poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 (PARP1) in the presence of model DNA substrate carrying multiple DNA lesions. Therefore, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of YB-1 catalyzed with PARP1, can be stimulated by damaged DNA. The observed property of YB-1 underlines its ability to participate in the DNA repair by its involvement in the regulatory cascades of DNA repair.

Alemasova EE ，Pestryakov PE ，Sukhanova MV ，Kretov DA ，Moor NA ，Curmi PA ，Ovchinnikov LP ，Lavrik OI ... -  《-》

Human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 is modified in vitro by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 under control of the structure of damaged DNA.

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is an essential multifunctional protein in mammals involved in base excision DNA repair (BER), regulation of gene expression and RNA metabolism. Its major enzymatic function is incision of AP sites. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) modifies itself and target proteins with poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), contributing to regulation of many processes. To understand molecular basis of functional cooperation between APE1 and PARP1 in BER, we examined PAR-binding activity and ADP-ribosylation of human APE1 in comparison with known targets of PARP1, using the full-length, N-terminally truncated and catalytically inactive forms of APE1. The protein binds preferentially large ADP-ribose polymers, being very similar to DNA polymerase β (Polβ) but contrasting with the scaffold XRCC1 protein. The interaction with PAR involves the universally conserved catalytic portion and the eukaryote-specific extension of APE1. The ADP-ribosylation of APE1 depends on the structure of PARP1-activating DNA, contrasting APE1 with Polβ and XRCC1. Relative levels of APE1 modification in the presence of different DNA substrates were found to correlate with affinities of the DNAs for APE1 and substrate activities in the enzymatic incision, suggesting the ADP-ribosylation to occur within the DNA-mediated ternary complex. This conclusion was confirmed by importance of the length of DNA region 3' to the AP site for the modification. Deletion of the N-terminal extension of APE1 produced no significant influence on both the ADP-ribosylation efficiency and hydrolytic stability of the modified protein, suggesting localization of target amino acids in the conserved catalytic portion. The most efficient ADP-ribosylation of the catalytically inactive APE1 mutant was shown to reduce the level of PARP1 automodification, suggesting possible role of APE1 in modulating PARP1 activity. Our data on primary role of DNA in controlling the PARP-catalysed modification provide new insights into mechanisms of protein targeting for ADP-ribosylation.

Moor NA ，Vasil'eva IA ，Kuznetsov NA ，Lavrik OI ... -  《-》

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 regulates activity of DNA polymerase beta in long patch base excision repair.

Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 (PARP1), functioning as DNA nick-sensor, interacts with base excision repair (BER) DNA intermediates containing single-strand breaks. When bound to DNA breaks, PARP1 catalyzes synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) covalently attached to itself and some nuclear proteins. Autopoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of PARP1 facilitates its dissociation from DNA breaks and is considered as a factor regulating DNA repair. In the study, using system reconstituted from purified BER proteins, bovine testis nuclear extract and model BER DNA intermediates, we examined the influence of PARP1 and its autopoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation on DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta)-mediated long patch (LP) BER DNA synthesis that is accomplished through a cooperation between Pol beta and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease1 (APE1) or flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) and gap-filling activity of Pol beta. PARP1 upon interaction with nicked LP BER DNA intermediated, formed after gap-filling, was shown to suppress the subsequent steps in LP pathway. PARP1 interferes with APE1-dependent stimulation of DNA synthesis by Pol beta via strand-displacement mechanism. PARP1 also represses Pol beta/FEN1-mediated LP BER DNA synthesis via a "gap translation" mechanism inhibiting FEN1 activity on the nicked DNA intermediate. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of PARP1 abolishes its inhibitory influence on LP BER DNA synthesis catalyzed by Pol beta both via APE1-mediated strand-displacement and FEN1-mediated "gap translation" mechanism. Thus PARP1 may act as a negative regulator of Pol beta activity in LP BER pathway and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of PARP1 seems to play a critical role in enablement of Pol beta-mediated DNA synthesis in this process. In contrast, interaction of PARP1 with one nucleotide gapped DNA mimicking the intermediate of short patch (SP) BER slightly inhibits the gap-filling activity of Pol beta and the overall efficiency of SP BER is practically unaffected by PARP1. Thus, PARP1 differentially influences DNA synthesis in SP- and LP BER pathways.

Sukhanova M ，Khodyreva S ，Lavrik O 《-》

Functional Roles of PARP2 in Assembling Protein-Protein Complexes Involved in Base Excision DNA Repair.

Vasil'eva I ，Moor N ，Anarbaev R ，Kutuzov M ，Lavrik O ... -  《INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES》