Ramalin inhibits differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and suppresses adiposity and body weight in a high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice.

Obesity is a serious global health problem. Natural substances that could be effective remedies for treatment of obesity, and which are relatively safe, are desired. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-obesity effect and the mechanism of ramalin in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. In this study, 3T3-L1 cells were treated with various concentrations of ramalin (1, 5, and 10 μg/ml). Ramalin reduced the accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, ramalin inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation by blocking adipogenic gene expression including CCAAT enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2), and leptin. The suppression of adipogenesis by ramalin was mediated through the inhibition of MAPK pathways. Ramalin also reduced the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Oral administration of ramalin (50 and 100 mg/kg) to HFD-fed mice reduced body weight gain and abdominal fat accumulation without changes in food intake. Ramalin also attenuated organ weight and basal serum level by inhibiting Iiver X receptors (LXRs), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression in HFD-fed mice. Taken together, these results indicate that ramalin inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and prevents HFD-induced obesity. The present study also provides insight into the mechanisms underlying the anti-obesity activity of ramalin and suggests that ramalin has the potential to prevent obesity.

Kim SY ，Jang YJ ，Park B ，Yim JH ，Lee HK ，Rhee DK ，Pyo S ... -  《-》

5,7-Dimethoxyflavone Attenuates Obesity by Inhibiting Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mice.

Song Y ，Kim MB ，Kim C ，Kim J ，Hwang JK ... -  《-》

Caulerpa okamurae extract inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice.

Seaweeds are considered a potential source of antiobesity agents. Because Caulerpa, a seaweed, has been consumed for food in Japan, China, South Korea, and Australia, we hypothesized that Caulerpa okamurae may have antiobesity effects in an animal model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice. Herein, we found that the ethanolic extract of C okamurae (COE) significantly inhibited lipid accumulation and reduced the expression of the master regulator of adipogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, COE significantly decreased body weight, fat weight, and liver weight in HFD-fed mice. This effect is comparable to that of positive control Garcinia cambogia extract, which has been approved by the Korean Food and Drug Administration as a weight loss food supplement in South Korea. Similarly, markers of weight gain such as free fatty acids, triglyceride, total cholesterol, glucose, and insulin in the plasma and free fatty acid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and total lipid in the liver are significantly reduced in COE-treated HFD-fed mice. We found significantly reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α, fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, cluster of differentiation 36, and acetyl-CoA synthetase in the adipose tissue of COE-treated HFD-fed mice. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that COE is effective in preventing body weight gain and fat accumulation and reduces plasma and hepatic lipid profiles. Together, these findings suggest that C okamurae may be used as a possible treatment option for the management of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.

Sharma BR ，Kim HJ ，Kim MS ，Park CM ，Rhyu DY ... -  《-》

Fermented Platycodon grandiflorum Extract Inhibits Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Huang YH ，Jung DW ，Lee OH ，Kang IJ ... -  《-》

Defatted safflower seed extract inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and improves lipid profiles in C57BL/6J ob/ob mice fed a high-fat diet.

In the present study, we hypothesized that defatted safflower seed which is known to be rich in polyphenols might influence adipogenesis and obesity-related disorders, and therefore the anti-adipogenic and hypolipidemic effects of ethanol extract from defatted safflower (Cathamus tinctorius L.) seeds (CSE) were investigated both in cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and in C57BL/6J ob/ob mice fed a high-fat diet. CSE inhibited adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and decreased expression of the adipogenic transcription factors, SREBP1c and PPARγ, and their target genes. Six-week-old obese (ob/ob) mice were fed a high-fat diet and treated with CSE (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for 6 weeks. Body fat mass (epididymal and perirenal white adipose tissues) in the CSE-treated groups was significantly lower than that in the high-fat diet control (HFD) group, whereas average daily food intake was not significantly different among the groups. Plasma and hepatic triglyceride levels and plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level were also significantly lower in the CSE groups compared to the HFD group. These results suggest that CSE which decreases body fat mass and improves lipid profiles in plasma and liver, represents a potential treatment option for obesity and associated metabolic disorders, including hyperlipidemia.

Hwang EY ，Yu MH ，Jung YS ，Lee SP ，Shon JH ，Lee SO ... -  《-》