Treatment Outcomes of Childhood TB in Lagos, Nigeria.

: Treatment outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) in children are rarely evaluated by most national TB programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. This study evaluated the treatment outcomes of children treated for TB in Lagos State, Nigeria. A retrospective review of programme data of the Lagos state TB and the Leprosy control programme in Nigeria from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2012. Treatment outcomes were categorized according to the national TB guidelines. A total of 535 cases of childhood TB were notified in 2012, representing 6.3% of the total TB cases notified in Lagos state in 2012. The prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection was 29%. The treatment success rate was 79.2% in TB/HIV-negative children compared with 73.4% in TB/HIV-positive children (p = 0.1268). Children <1 year had the worst treatment outcomes (p < 0.001). There is a need to intensify effort at improving notification and treatment outcomes in children.

Adejumo OA ，Daniel OJ ，Adebayo BI ，Adejumo EN ，Jaiyesimi EO ，Akang G ，Awe A ... -  《-》

Trend of childhood TB case notification in Lagos, Nigeria, 2011-2014.

Childhood tuberculosis (TB) has been neglected by national TB programs in sub-Saharan Africa because of the emphasis on adult smear-positive TB cases. About 80,000 HIV children die from TB, and over 550,000 childhood TB cases occur annually, representing 6% of the global TB burden, making TB an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Thus, this study assessed the trend of childhood TB cases notified in Lagos, Nigeria from 2011 to 2014. Retrospective data review of childhood TB cases notified to the Lagos State TB and Leprosy Control Programme (LSTBLCP) between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2014. A total of 2396 children were treated for all forms of TB representing 6.8% of the total 35,305 TB cases notified during the study period. This constituted 1102 (46%) males and 1294 (54%) females. There was a progressive increase in the proportion of children treated for TB from 495 (5.9%) in 2011, 539 (6.4%) in 2012, 682 (7.2%) in 2013 and 680 (7.6%) in 2014. Of the total childhood TB cases notified, 16.3-20% were new sputum pulmonary smear positive; 68.2-74.6% were new sputum pulmonary smear negative; while extra-pulmonary TB accounted for 6.7-10.6%. The case notification rate (CNR) of childhood TB per 100,000 increased from 13.4 in 2011, 14.3 in 2012, 17.7 in 2013 and 17.2 in 2014. There was an increase in the case notification rate of TB among children between 2011 and 2014. Efforts should be made to sustain this increasing trend.

Daniel OJ ，Adejumo OA ，Abdur-Razzaq HA ，Ebunoluwa JO ... -  《-》

Trend of tuberculosis case notification and treatment outcome in Lagos State, Nigeria: a 5-year retrospective study.

This study assessed trends of tuberculosis (TB) case notification rate (CNR) and treatment outcomes between 2011 and 2015 in Lagos State, Nigeria. A retrospective review of TB notification data to the Lagos State Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme (LSTBLCP) between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2015 was conducted. A total of 44 516 TB cases were notified during the study period, representing 9.4% of the national figure. The male:female ratio was 1.3:1. About 53%, 44.1% and 2.7% of patients were smear positive, smear negative and extrapulmonary TB cases, respectively. TB notification increased by 12.2% between 2011 and 2013 and subsequently declined by 7.2% in 2015 relative to 2013. The TB CNR declined from 82.9 per 100 000 in 2013 to 72.1 per 100 000 in 2015. However, directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) and microscopy site expansion increased from 0.3 to 0.64 per 25 000 population and from 0.16 to 0.4 per 50 000 population, respectively, from 2011 to 2015. Similarly, there was a slight increase in treatment success rate, from 80.1% in 2011 to 82% in 2015. The CNR declined in Lagos State despite an increasing trend in DOTS and microscopy site expansions between 2013 and 2015. The LSTBLCPs need to re-engineer current strategies of active TB case findings in order to improve case notification in the state.

Adejumo OA ，Daniel OJ ，Abdur-Razzaq HA ，Shogbamimu YO ，Femi-Adebayo T ，Adepoju VA ，Adebayo BI ，Sodipo OO ... -  《-》

Trends in childhood tuberculosis in Zambia: a situation analysis.

Kapata N ，Chanda-Kapata P ，O'Grady J ，Bates M ，Mwaba P ，Janssen S ，Marais B ，Cobelens F ，Grobusch M ，Zumla A ... -  《-》

HIV co-infection with tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria in western Kenya: challenges in the diagnosis and management.

Nyamogoba HD ，Mbuthia G ，Mining S ，Kikuvi G ，Biegon R ，Mpoke S ，Menya D ，Waiyaki PG ... -  《-》