Metabolic exchanges within tumor microenvironment.

Tumor progression toward malignancy often requires a metabolic rewiring of cancer cells to meet changes in metabolic demand to forefront nutrient and oxygen withdrawal, together with strong anabolic requests to match high proliferation rate. Tumor microenvironment highly contributes to metabolic rewiring of cancer cells, fostering complete nutrient exploitation, favoring OXPHOS of lipids and glutamine at the expense of glycolysis and enhancing exchanges via extracellular microvesicles or exosomes of proteins, lipids and small RNAs among tumor and stromal cells. Noteworthy, the same molecular drivers of metabolic reprogramming within tumor and stroma are also able to elicit motility, survival and self-renewal on cancer cells, thereby sustaining successful escaping strategies to circumvent the hostile hypoxic, acidic and inflammatory environment. This review highlights the emerging role of nutrients and vesicle-mediated exchanges among tumor and stromal cells, defining their molecular pathways and offering new perspectives to develop treatments targeting this complex metabolic rewiring.

Chiarugi P ，Cirri P 《-》

Tumor-Stromal Cell Communication: Small Vesicles Signal Big Changes.

Reciprocal interactions between malignant and stromal cells create a local microenvironment that fosters tumor growth. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes, microvesicles, and large oncosomes are involved in tumor-stroma communication by shuttling signaling cargo and other molecules. Here we discuss how EVs released by cancer or stromal cells impact the proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism of tumors.

Wendler F ，Stamp GW ，Giamas G 《Trends in Cancer》

Extracellular vesicles as carriers of microRNA, proteins and lipids in tumor microenvironment.

In recent years, the knowledge about the control of tumor microenvironment has increased and emerged as an important player in tumorigenesis. The role of normal stromal cells in the tumor initiation and progression has brought our vision in to the forefront of cell-to-cell communication. In this review, we focus on the mechanism of communication between stromal and tumor cells, which is based on the exchange of extracellular vesicles (EVs). We describe several, evergrowing, pieces of evidence that EVs transfer messages through their miRNA, lipid, protein and nucleic acid contents. A better understanding of this sophisticated method of communication between normal cancer cells may lead to developing novel approaches for personalized diagnostics and therapeutics.

Penfornis P ，Vallabhaneni KC ，Whitt J ，Pochampally R ... -  《-》

Cancer-cell-secreted exosomal miR-105 promotes tumour growth through the MYC-dependent metabolic reprogramming of stromal cells.

Yan W ，Wu X ，Zhou W ，Fong MY ，Cao M ，Liu J ，Liu X ，Chen CH ，Fadare O ，Pizzo DP ，Wu J ，Liu L ，Liu X ，Chin AR ，Ren X ，Chen Y ，Locasale JW ，Wang SE ... -  《-》

Metabolic reprogramming of the tumour microenvironment.

Tumour cells, stromal cells and the stroma comprise the tumour microenvironment. The metabolism of both tumour cells and several types of tumour stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumour-associated macrophages, is reprogrammed. Current studies have found that stromal cells promote tumour progression and metastasis, through not only the paracrine secretion of cytokines or chemokines, but also intermediate metabolites. Here, we summarize the latest insights into the mechanism of metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumour-associated macrophages, and their potential roles in tumour progression and metastasis.

Xing Y ，Zhao S ，Zhou BP ，Mi J ... -  《-》