Increased risk for colorectal cancer under age 50 in racial and ethnic minorities living in the United States.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer death in USA. We analyzed CRC disparities in African Americans, Hispanics, Asians/Pacific Islanders, and American Indians/Alaska Natives compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Current guidelines recommend screening for CRC beginning at age 50. Using SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database 1973-2009 and North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) 1995-2009 dataset, we performed frequency and rate analysis on colorectal cancer demographics and incidence based on race/ethnicity. We also used the SEER database to analyze stage, grade, and survival based on race/ethnicity. Utilizing SEER database, the median age of CRC diagnosis is significantly less in Hispanics (66 years), Asians/Pacific Islanders (68 years), American Indians/Alaska Natives (64 years), and African Americans (64 years) compared to non-Hispanic whites (72 years). Twelve percent of Asians/Pacific Islanders, 15.4% Hispanics, 16.5% American Indians/Alaska Natives, and 11.9% African Americans with CRC are diagnosed at age <50 years compared to only 6.7% in non-Hispanic Whites (P < 0.0001). Minority groups have more advanced stages at diagnosis compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Trend analysis showed age-adjusted incidence rates of CRC diagnosed under the age of 50 years have significantly increased in all racial and ethnic groups but are stable in African Americans. These results were confirmed through analysis of NAACCR 1995-2009 dataset covering nearly the entire USA. A significantly higher proportion of minority groups in USA with CRC are diagnosed before age 50 compared to non-Hispanic Whites, documenting that these minority groups are at higher risk for early CRC. Further studies are needed to identify the causes and risk factors responsible for young onset CRC among minority groups and to develop intervention strategies including earlier CRC screening, among others.

Rahman R ，Schmaltz C ，Jackson CS ，Simoes EJ ，Jackson-Thompson J ，Ibdah JA ... -  《Cancer Medicine》

Colorectal cancer incidence in the United States, 1999-2004 : an updated analysis of data from the National Program of Cancer Registries and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program.

Rim SH ，Seeff L ，Ahmed F ，King JB ，Coughlin SS ... -  《CANCER》

State-specific prevalence of selected health behaviors, by race and ethnicity--Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1997.

Bolen JC ，Rhodes L ，Powell-Griner EE ，Bland SD ，Holtzman D ... -  《MMWR SURVEILLANCE SUMMARIES》

Survival differences in nasopharyngeal carcinoma among racial and ethnic minority groups in the United States: A retrospective cohort study.

The literature on nasopharyngeal carcinoma survival in the United States has focused mostly on Whites or Asians and not much is known about survivorship in other minority racial and ethnic groups. We aimed to determine the disease-specific survival rate and prognostic factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma survival across the minority United States population. A retrospective cohort study. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 13 database from 1992 to 2014 was queried for adult cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (n = 2549). Eligible cases were Blacks, Hispanics, Asians/Pacific Islanders, American Indians/Alaska Natives; White patients were excluded. A multivariable competing risk survival analysis yielded hazard ratios (HR) for competing mortality and was used to identify independent prognostic factors for survival. Non-Hispanic American Indians/Alaska Natives consistently had the worst cause-specific survival of any group and that non-Hispanic Asians/Pacific Islanders consistently had the best survival (P < 0.001). Even after adjusting for other poor prognostic factors in the study, including older age, keratinising histology, and lack of radiation treatment, non-Hispanic American Indians/Alaska Natives had more than double hazards of death from nasopharyngeal cancer compared with non-Hispanic Asians/Pacific Islanders (aHR = 2.63, 95% CI 1.67, 4.13). There are disparities in nasopharyngeal carcinoma survival among racial and ethnic minority groups in the United States, with American Indians/Alaskan Natives faring worst. It is critical that future research focuses on nasopharyngeal carcinoma among this population to improve survivorship and mitigate cancer-related health disparities.

Challapalli SD ，Simpson MC ，Adjei Boakye E ，Walker RJ ，Antisdel JL ，Ward GM ，Osazuwa-Peters N ... -  《-》

Adult Glioma Incidence and Survival by Race or Ethnicity in the United States From 2000 to 2014.

Ostrom QT ，Cote DJ ，Ascha M ，Kruchko C ，Barnholtz-Sloan JS ... -  《-》