Identification and complete genome analysis of a novel bovine picornavirus in Japan.

We identified novel viruses in feces from cattle with diarrhea collected in 2009 in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, by using a metagenomics approach and determined the (near) complete sequences of the virus. Sequence analyses revealed that they had a standard picornavirus genome organization, i.e. 5' untranslated region (UTR) - L- P1 (VP4- VP3- VP2- VP1) - P2 (2A- 2B- 2C) - P3 (3A- 3B- 3C-3D) - 3'UTR- poly(A). They are closely related to other unclassified Chinese picornaviruses; bat picornaviruses group 1-3, feline picornavirus, and canine picornavirus, sharing 45.4-51.4% (P1), 38.0-44.9% (P2), and 49.6-53.3% (P3) amino acid identities, respectively. The phylogenetic analyses and detailed genome characterization showed that they, together with the unclassified Chinese picornaviruses, grouped as a cluster for the P1, 2C, 3CD and VP1 coding regions. These viruses had conserved features (e.g. predicted protein cleavage sites, presence of a leader protein, 2A, 2C, 3C, and 3D functional domains), suggesting they have a common ancestor. Reverse-transcription-PCR assays, using specific primers designed from the 5'UTR sequence of these viruses, showed that 23.0% (20/87) of fecal samples from cattle with diarrhea were positive, indicating the prevalence of these picornavirus in the Japanese cattle population in Hokkaido Prefecture. However, further studies are needed to investigate the pathogenic potential and etiological role of these viruses in cattle.

Nagai M ，Omatsu T ，Aoki H ，Kaku Y ，Belsham GJ ，Haga K ，Naoi Y ，Sano K ，Umetsu M ，Shiokawa M ，Tsuchiaka S ，Furuya T ，Okazaki S ，Katayama Y ，Oba M ，Shirai J ，Katayama K ，Mizutani T ... -  《-》

Whole genome analysis of a novel picornavirus related to the Enterovirus/Sapelovirus supergroup from porcine feces in Japan.

A novel virus related to the Enterovirus/Sapelovirus supergroup in the family Picornaviridae was identified in healthy porcine feces in Japan by using a metagenomics approach. The genome of the virus, named Sapelo-like porcine picornavirus Japan (SPPVJ) Pig/Isi-Im1/JPN/2016, had a type-IV internal ribosomal entry site and carried a 6978-nucleotide-long single open reading frame encoding a 2326 amino acids (aa) polyprotein precursor. The coding sequence region consisted of leader protein (68 aa), a structural protein region P1 (824 aa), and the non-structural protein regions P2 (672 aa) and P3 (762 aa). Among representative picornaviruses, the P1, 2C, and 3CD regions of SPPVJ had the highest aa identities of 64.4%, 61.9%, and 73.3%, respectively, with the corresponding regions of sapelo-like bat picornavirus BtVs-PicoV/SC2013. Sequencing analysis of the RT-PCR products derived from the 5' untranslated and 3D regions revealed the presence of SPPVJ in 17.8% (19/107) of the feces from healthy and diarrheal pigs in 12 farms in 2015-2016. Further studies are needed to determine the origin and pathogenic potential of SPPJV in pigs and other mammals.

Masuda T ，Sunaga F ，Naoi Y ，Ito M ，Takagi H ，Katayama Y ，Omatsu T ，Oba M ，Sakaguchi S ，Furuya T ，Yamasato H ，Shirai J ，Makino S ，Mizutani T ，Nagai M ... -  《-》

Complete genome sequence of a novel picornavirus, canine picornavirus, discovered in dogs.

Woo PC ，Lau SK ，Choi GK ，Yip CC ，Huang Y ，Tsoi HW ，Yuen KY ... -  《-》

Identification and genetic characterization of a novel picornavirus from chickens.

Bullman S ，Kearney K ，O'Mahony M ，Kelly L ，Whyte P ，Fanning S ，Morgan JG ... -  《-》

Identification and genome characterization of a novel feline picornavirus proposed in the Hunnivirus genus.

The genus Hunnivirus, which has been identified in sheep, cattle, and rats, was first proposed in the family Picornaviridae by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in 2013. In this study, a hunnivirus was detected in fecal samples collected from a diarrheic cat in Southern China in 2017. Genome sequencing and analysis indicated that the novel hunnivirus has the same genome organization as reported for other hunniviruses, 5'UTR-L-P1(VP4-VP2-VP3-VP1)-P2(2A-2B-2C)-P3(3A-3B-3Cpro-3Dpol)-3'UTR, but is genetically divergent. This hunnivirus is proposed as a novel genotype of the species Hunnivirus A and provisionally designated feline hunnivirus. Our study expands the host range of hunnivirus and enriches knowledge on picornaviruses.

Lu G ，Huang M ，Chen X ，Sun Y ，Huang J ，Hu R ，Li S ... -  《-》