Epidemiological aspects of vector, parasite, and domestic reservoir in areas of recent transmission and no reported human cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil.

About 97% of the human cases of the American visceral leishmaniasis (VL) occur in Brazil. In the last few years, the disease expanded to medium- and large-sized cities, in which surveillance and control actions have been intensified, in an effort to control VL spreading. Our two-year study was conducted in Belo Horizonte, the sixth most populous city in Brazil, which is endemic for VL. We focused in two particular districts of recent transmission of the disease, with no reported human cases and submitted to minor surveillance and control actions. Our aim was to draw an epidemiological profile of the local situation concerning Lutzomyia vector, Leishmania parasites, and the main domestic reservoirs (dogs). Lutzomyia longipalpis comprised 96.5% of the total phlebotomine sand flies captured and displayed an expressive minimal infection rate by Leishmania infantum (16.7%). Positive correlations were found between the population densities of L. longipalpis, rainfall and temperature. L. infantum was also detected in the cortelezzii complex and, for the first time, in Lutzomyia lloydi. Leishmania braziliensis, an etiological agent of the American cutaneous leishmaniasis, was also identified in L. longipalpis. Among the 1408 dogs serologically tested by standard enzyme-linked and fluorescence immune assays (ELISA/IFA) 3.6% were positive for VL. L. infantum DNA and Leishmania parasites were identified in 100% and 72.5% of the seropositive dogs, respectively. The co-positivity of other diagnostic tests for VL-Leishmania-nested PCR, imprint and myeloculture-was compared to the standard serology. Both symptomatic or asymptomatic dogs displayed an equal average number of positive diagnostic tests for VL. The districts studied display favorable conditions for the rapid spreading of human infection, in terms of L. longipalpis population density, and presence of L. infantum in both vector and main reservoir.

Lara-Silva Fde O ，Michalsky ÉM ，Fortes-Dias CL ，Fiuza Vde O ，Pessanha JE ，Regina-Silva S ，de Avelar DM ，Silva MA ，Lima AC ，da Costa AJ ，Machado-Coelho GL ，Dias ES ... -  《-》

Ecoepidemiological aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area in the Steel Valley in Brazil: An ecological approach with spatial analysis.

Lana RS ，Michalsky ÉM ，Lopes LO ，Lara-Silva FO ，Nascimento JL ，Pinheiro LC ，França-Silva JC ，Mendes TSC ，Fortes-Dias CL ，Dias ES ... -  《PLoS One》

Dogs with divergent serology for visceral leishmaniasis as sources of Leishmania infection for Lutzomyia longipalpis phlebotomine sand flies - an observational study in an endemic area in Brazil.

Rocha MF ，Michalsky ÉM ，de Oliveira Lara-Silva F ，Valadão JL ，França-Silva JC ，Pinheiro LC ，de Sousa JF ，Dos Santos RC ，Soares MD ，Fortes-Dias CL ，Dias ES ... -  《PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases》

The finding of Lutzomyia almerioi and Lutzomyia longipalpis naturally infected by Leishmania spp. in a cutaneous and canine visceral leishmaniases focus in Serra da Bodoquena, Brazil.

Savani ES ，Nunes VL ，Galati EA ，Castilho TM ，Zampieri RA ，Floeter-Winter LM ... -  《VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY》

Importance of Lutzomyia longipalpis in the dynamics of transmission of canine visceral leishmaniasis in the endemic area of Porteirinha Municipality, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

França-Silva JC ，Barata RA ，Costa RT ，Monteiro EM ，Machado-Coelho GL ，Vieira EP ，Prata A ，Mayrink W ，Nascimento E ，Fortes-Dias CL ，da Silva JC ，Dias ES ... -  《VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY》