Nurse teacher models in clinical education from the perspective of student nurses--A mixed method study.

The aim was to describe and compare the clinical teacher's role in different models of clinical practice from the perspective of student nurses. The study took place in collaboration with two Swedish universities that applied different educational models in clinical practice. A mixed method approach was used. The quantitative part had a comparative design and the qualitative part had a descriptive design. The study group consisted of 114 student nurses (response rate 87%). Fifty-three of them had met clinical teachers employed at the university and not participating in the daily clinical work (University Nurse Teachers, UNTs), whilst 61 had met clinical teachers dividing their time between teaching and nursing (Clinical Nurse Teachers, CNTs). Eight students participated in the qualitative part of the study. A questionnaire including the CLES+T scale was used to ascertain the students' perception of the clinical teacher's role, complemented by interviews directed towards an enrichment of this perception. Students meeting CNTs agreed more strongly than those meeting UNTs that the teacher had the ability to help them integrate theory and practice. Whilst spontaneous meetings between students and CNTs occurred, students mostly met UNTs in seminars. Students meeting UNTs felt alone but did appreciate having someone outside the clinical environment to provide support if they did not get along with their preceptor. In the case of UNTs, it is important that they keep their knowledge of clinical issues updated and visit the clinical placement not only for seminars but also to give students emotional support. In the case of CNTs, it is important that they are members of the faculty at the university, take part in the planning of the clinical courses and are able to explain the learning goals to the students.

Gustafsson M ，Kullén Engström A ，Ohlsson U ，Sundler AJ ，Bisholt B ... -  《-》

"The Child's World": a creative and visual trigger to stimulate student enquiry in a problem based learning module.

Barron C ，Lambert V ，Conlon J ，Harrington T ... -  《NURSE EDUCATION TODAY》

Student nurses' experiences of the clinical learning environment in relation to the organization of supervision: a questionnaire survey.

The aim was to investigate student nurses' experiences of the clinical learning environment in relation to how the supervision was organized. The clinical environment plays an essential part in student nurses' learning. Even though different models for supervision have been previously set forth, it has been stressed that there is a need both of further empirical studies on the role of preceptorship in undergraduate nursing education and of studies comparing different models. A cross-sectional study with comparative design was carried out with a mixed method approach. Data were collected from student nurses in the final term of the nursing programme at three universities in Sweden by means of a questionnaire. In general the students had positive experiences of the clinical learning environment with respect to pedagogical atmosphere, leadership style of the ward manager, premises of nursing, supervisory relationship, and role of the nurse preceptor and nurse teacher. However, there were significant differences in their ratings of the supervisory relationship (p<0.001) and the pedagogical atmosphere (p 0.025) depending on how the supervision was organized. Students who had the same preceptor all the time were more satisfied with the supervisory relationship than were those who had different preceptors each day. Students' comments on the supervision confirmed the significance of the preceptor and the supervisory relationship. The organization of the supervision was of significance with regard to the pedagogical atmosphere and the students' relation to preceptors. Students with the same preceptor throughout were more positive concerning the supervisory relationship and the pedagogical atmosphere.

Sundler AJ ，Björk M ，Bisholt B ，Ohlsson U ，Engström AK ，Gustafsson M ... -  《-》

The perceptions of nurse teachers, student nurses and preceptors of the theory-practice gap in nurse education.

Corlett J 《-》

Delegating and supervising unregistered professionals: the student nurse experience.

Changing models of healthcare have resulted in the need for registered nurses to be competent in delegating and supervising the unregistered health care assistant. However research evidence suggests nurse education does not prepare students for the practicalities of this role. This paper reports on undergraduate student nurses' level of preparation when working with health care assistants (HCA). It is part of a large scale project, undertaken between 2005 and 2011, which explored pre-registration student nurses' perceptions of the role of the HCA and how this affects their clinical learning. A sequential transformative mixed method research design was adopted. One higher educational institution in the United Kingdom. Forty-five pre-registration nursing students took part in phase one and 662 participated in phase two. Phase one used focus groups (n=32) and interviews (n=13) and phase two used a semi-structured questionnaire. Whilst most students reported that they were familiar with the role of the health care assistant, findings showed that nurse training did not initially prepare students for the realities of clinical practice, however as students progressed they became more aware of such issues. For some such skills were learnt on the job and they identified a number of barriers they faced when delegating tasks such as fear of causing conflict. Overall the lack of initial preparation was perceived by participants to be a hindrance to meeting the goals of clinical learning and to understanding the dynamics within the nursing hierarchy. Students in this study highlighted gaps in their educational programme and clinical experiences regarding their preparation for a delegatory and/or supervisory role. Given the importance of such skills, it is imperative that universities provide pre-registration student nurses with the education necessary to develop delegation strategies and to adapt to their evolving professional role.

Hasson F ，McKenna HP ，Keeney S 《-》