Vitamin D deficiency in school-age children is associated with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.

There is concern about a reemergence of vitamin D deficiency in children in developed countries. The aims of this study were to describe vitamin D status in the Generation R study, a large multiethnic cohort of 6-y-old children in The Netherlands, and to examine sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary determinants of vitamin D deficiency. We measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in 4167 children aged 6 y and defined deficiency following recommended cutoffs. We examined the associations between subject characteristics and vitamin D deficiency with the use of multivariable logistic regression analyses. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations ranged from 4 to 211 nmol/L (median: 64 nmol/L), with 6.2% of the children having severely deficient (<25 nmol/L), 23.6% deficient (25 to <50 nmol/L), 36.5% sufficient (50 to <75 nmol/L), and 33.7% optimal (≥75 nmol/L) 25(OH)D concentrations. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D <50 nmol/L] was higher in winter (51.3%) than in summer (10.3%); and higher in African, Asian, Turkish, and Moroccan children (54.5%) than in those with a Dutch or other Western ethnic background (17.6%). In multivariable models, several factors were associated with vitamin D deficiency, including household income (OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.34, 2.27 for low vs. high income), child age (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.62 per year), child television watching (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.64 for ≥2 vs. <2 h/d), and playing outside (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.89 for ≥1 vs. <1 h/d). In a subgroup with dietary data (n = 1915), vitamin D deficiency was associated with a lower diet quality, but not with vitamin D intake or supplement use in early childhood. Suboptimal vitamin D status is common among 6-y-old children in The Netherlands, especially among non-Western children and in winter and spring. Important modifiable factors associated with vitamin D deficiency were overall diet quality, sedentary behavior, and playing outside.

Voortman T ，van den Hooven EH ，Heijboer AC ，Hofman A ，Jaddoe VW ，Franco OH ... -  《-》

Vitamin D status and its determinants during autumn in children at northern latitudes: a cross-sectional analysis from the optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet (OPUS) School Meal Study.

Petersen RA ，Damsgaard CT ，Dalskov SM ，Sørensen LB ，Hjorth MF ，Ritz C ，Kjølbæk L ，Andersen R ，Tetens I ，Krarup H ，Astrup A ，Michaelsen KF ，Mølgaard C ... -  《-》

Assessment of serum 25(OH)D concentration in women of childbearing age and their preschool children in Northern Jordan during summer.

Gharaibeh MA ，Stoecker BJ 《-》

Determinants of vitamin D status in young children: results from the Belgian arm of the IDEFICS (Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants) Study.

Sioen I ，Mouratidou T ，Kaufman JM ，Bammann K ，Michels N ，Pigeot I ，Vanaelst B ，Vyncke K ，De Henauw S ，IDEFICS consortium ... -  《-》

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and its determinants in the very old: the Newcastle 85+ Study.

Hill TR ，Granic A ，Davies K ，Collerton J ，Martin-Ruiz C ，Siervo M ，Mathers JC ，Adamson AJ ，Francis RM ，Pearce SH ，Razvi S ，Kirkwood TBL ，Jagger C ... -  《-》