Genetic and histopathological alterations induced by cypermethrin in rat kidney and liver: Protection by sesame oil.

Pesticides are widespread synthesized substances used for public health protection and agricultural programs. However, they cause environmental pollution and health hazards. This study aimed to examine the protective effects of sesame oil (SO) on the genetic alterations induced by cypermethrin (CYP) in the liver and kidney of Wistar rats. Male rats were divided into four groups, each containing 10 rats: the control group received vehicle, SO group (5 mL/kg b.w), CYP group (12 mg/kg b.w), and protective group received SO (5 mL/kg b.w) plus CYP (12 mg/kg b.w). Biochemical analysis showed an increase in albumin, urea, creatinine, GPT, GOT, and lipid profiles in the CYP group. Co-administration of SO with CYP normalized such biochemical changes. CYP administration decreased both the activity and mRNA expression of the examined antioxidants. SO co-administration recovered CYP, downregulating the expression of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Additionally, SO co-administration with CYP counteracted the CYP- altering the expression of renal interleukins (IL-1 and IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), anigotensinogen (AGT), AGT receptors (AT1), and genes of hepatic glucose and fatty acids metabolism. CYP induced degenerative changes in the kidney and liver histology which are ameliorated by SO. In conclusion, SO has a protective effect against alterations and pathological changes induced by CYP in the liver and kidney at genetic and histological levels.

Soliman MM ，Attia HF ，El-Ella GA 《INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY》

Deleterious effects of cypermethrin on rat liver and kidney: protective role of sesame oil.

The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the toxicity of various pesticides. Our study was designed to investigate the induction of oxidative stress by cypermethrin; a Type II pyrethroid in rat liver and kidney. In addition, the protective role of sesame oil against the toxicity of cypermethrin was investigated. Animals were divided into four equal groups; the first group used as control while groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated with sesame oil (5 mL/kg b.w), cypermethrin (12 mg/kg b.w) and the combination of both sesame oil (5 mL/kg b.w) plus cypermethrin (12 mg/kg b.w), respectively. Rats were daily administered with their respective doses for 30 days by gavage. Repeated oral administration of cypermethrin was found to reduce the level of glutathione (GSH) and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. While, the level of TBARS was elevated indicating the presence of oxidative stress. The activities of LDH, AST and ALT were decreased in the liver extract while increased in the plasma of the cypermethrin-treated group. Also, the levels of urea and creatinine were significantly increased after treatment with cypermethrin. Liver and kidney injury was confirmed by the histological changes. In conclusion, the administration of sesame oil provided significant protection against cypermethrin-induced oxidative stress, biochemical changes, histopathological damage and genomic DNA fragmentation.

Abdou HM ，Hussien HM ，Yousef MI 《-》

Ameliorative effect of N-acetyl cysteine on alpha-cypermethrin-induced pulmonary toxicity in male rats.

Alpha-cypermethrin (α-CYP) is one of the most widely used insecticides. It may become an air pollutant and adversely affect the health. The present study was designed to determine whether treatment with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a well-known antioxidant, can be useful for the management of the deleterious effects of α-CYP on lung tissues. For this purpose, thirty two male rats were divided into four different groups (eight rats for each). Group (I) gavaged with corn oil (control group), group (II) gavaged daily with NAC (150 mg kg(-1) body weight), group (III) gavaged with α-CYP (14.5 mg kg(-1) body weight/day, dissolved in corn oil), group (IV) gavaged with NAC then with α-CYP 2 h later for 12 weeks. α-CYP significantly increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pulmonary malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, while decreased the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) content in lung. It also provoked higher levels of serum nitric oxide (NO), lung interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hydroxyproline (Hyp) as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-К B) gene expression in lung tissues. Histopathological alterations in lung with congestion, cellular infiltration, necrotic changes and thickening of inter-alveolar septa were observed following α-CYP administration. NAC reduced the adverse effects of α-CYP on lung tissues and improved the histological architecture of lung since it showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects on lung tissues. Our results indicate that NAC exerts a potent protective effect against α-CYP-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in lung tissues.

Arafa MH ，Mohamed DA ，Atteia HH 《-》

Protective effect of curcumin on cypermethrin-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats.

The aim of present study was to investigate the protective effect of curcumin on cypermethrin-induced changes in blood biochemical markers and tissue antioxidant enzyme in rats. Rats were divided into six groups of six each: group I used as control and II and III groups were used as vehicle control. While, groups IV, V and VI were orally treated with curcumin (100 mg/kg body weight), cypermethrin (25 mg/kg body weight) and cypermethrin plus curcumin, respectively for 28 days. Serum biochemical markers were measured in the serum, and the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity were determined in the liver, kidney and brain. Cypermethrin administration caused elevated level of blood biochemical markers in serum and lipid peroxidation in liver, kidney and brain. While the activities of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants levels were decreased except superoxide dismutase in liver, kidney and brain tissues. The presence of curcumin with cypermethrin significantly decreased the blood biochemical markers and lipid peroxidation but significantly increased the reduced glutathione, catalase and glutathione peroxidase level and preserved the normal histological architecture of the liver, kidney and brain. Our results indicate that curcumin can be potent protective agent against cypermethrin-induced biochemical alterations and oxidative damage in rats.

Sankar P ，Telang AG ，Manimaran A 《-》

Cypermethrin induced damage in genomic DNA and histopathological changes in brain and haematotoxicity in rats: the protective effect of sesame oil.

The protective effect of sesame oil against cypermethrin-induced brain toxicity was studied. Female rats were orally treated with cypermethrin, sesame oil and their combination for 30 consecutive days. The results showed that cypermethrin increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and decreased glutathione (GSH) and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. Brain injury was confirmed by histopathological changes and DNA damage. Also, the reduction in the activities of acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase (AChE & MAO), total protein, albumin and body weight, and the induction in triacylglycerol and cholesterol have been observed due to cypermethrin toxicity. Animals treated with sesame oil and cypermethrin together showed that brain TBARS and plasma triacylglycerol and cholesterol returned to the control level which indicating a protective effect of sesame oil. Also, sesame oil was able to attenuate the decrease in total protein, albumin, triacylglycerol and cholesterol, GSH, AChE and antioxidant enzymes induced by cypermethrin. In addition, sesame oil protected the brain histological changes and fragmentation of genomic DNA in animals treated with cypermethrin. The present results showed a protective effect of sesame oil against the cypermethrin induced brain toxicity and this could be associated mainly with the attenuation of the oxidative stress and the preservation in antioxidant enzymes.

Hussien HM ，Abdou HM ，Yousef MI 《-》