Co-morbidity of bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder: findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.

Clinical studies suggest a high co-morbidity rate of borderline personality disorder (BPD) with bipolar disorder (BD). This study examines the prevalence and correlates of BPD in BD (I and II) in a longitudinal population-based survey. Data came from waves 1 and 2 (wave 2: N=34,653, 70.2% cumulative response rate; age ≥ 20 years) of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Lay interviewers conducted in person interviews using the Alcohol Use Disorders and Associated Disabilities Interview (AUDADIS-IV), a reliable diagnostic tool of psychiatric disorders based on DSM-IV criteria. Subjects with BD I (n=812), BD I/BPD (n=360), BD II (n=327) and BD II/BPD (n=101) were examined in terms of sociodemographics, mood, anxiety, substance use and personality disorder co-morbidities and history of childhood traumatic experiences. Lifetime prevalence of BPD was 29.0% in BD I and 24.0% in BD II. Significant differences were observed between co-morbid BD I/II and BPD versus BD I/II without BPD in terms of number of depressive episodes and age of onset, co-morbidity, and childhood trauma. BPD was strongly and positively associated with incident BD I (AOR=16.9; 95% CI: 13.88-20.55) and BD II (AOR=9.5; 95% CI: 6.44-13.97). BD with BPD has a more severe presentation of illness than BD alone. The results suggest that BPD is highly predictive of a future diagnosis of BD. Childhood traumatic experiences may have a role in understanding this relationship.

McDermid J ，Sareen J ，El-Gabalawy R ，Pagura J ，Spiwak R ，Enns MW ... -  《-》

Is comorbid borderline personality disorder in patients with major depressive episode and bipolarity a developmental subtype? Findings from the international BRIDGE study.

The nature of the relationship between bipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) is controversial. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical profile of patients with BD and comorbid BPD in a world-wide sample selected during a major depressive episode (MDE). From a general sample of 5635 in and out-patients with an MDE, who were enrolled in the multicenter, multinational, transcultural BRIDGE study, we identified 2658 subjects who met bipolarity specifier criteria. Bipolar specifier patients with (BPD+) and without (BPD-) comorbid BPD were compared on diagnostic, socio-demographic, familial and clinical characteristics. 386 patients (14.5%) met criteria for BPD. A diagnosis of BD according to DSM-IV criteria was significantly more frequent in the BPD- than in BPD+, while similar rates in the two groups occurred using DSM-IV-Modified criteria. A subset of the BD criteria with an atypical connotation, such as irritability, mood instability and reactivity to drugs were significantly associated withthe presence of BPD. BPD+ patients were significantly younger than BPD- bipolar patients for age, age at onset of first psychiatric symptoms and age at first diagnosis of depression. They also reported significantly more comorbid Alcohol and Substance abuse, Anxiety disorders, Eating Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. In comparison with BPD-, BPD+ patients showed significantly more psychotic symptoms, history of suicide attempts, mixed states, mood reactivity, atypical features, seasonality of mood episodes, antidepressants induced mood lability and irritability, and resistance to antidepressant treatments. Centers were selected for their strong mood disorder clinical programs, recall bias is possible with a cross-sectional design, and participating psychiatrists received limited training. We confirm in a large sample of BD patients with MDE the high prevalence of patients who meet DSM-IV criteria for BPD. Further prospective researches should clarify whether the mood reactivity and instability captured by BPD DSM-IV criteria are distinguishable from the subjective mood of an instable, dysphoric, irritable manic/hypomanic/mixed state or simply represent a phenotypic variant of BD, related to developmental factors.

Perugi G ，Angst J ，Azorin JM ，Bowden C ，Vieta E ，Young AH ，BRIDGE Study Group ... -  《-》

Impulsivity and its association with childhood trauma experiences across bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and borderline personality disorder.

Impulsivity is a core feature of the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and is one of the DSM-V diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Impulsivity is also present in bipolar disorder (BD). Impulsivity has been linked to adverse behavior (suicidality,…) and to traumatic childhood experiences. Our study explored impulsivity in BPD, BD, ADHD and healthy controls (CTRL) and investigated the impact of early trauma on impulsivity. 744 patients with BD (n = 276), BPD (n = 168), ADHD (n = 173) or a combination (BPD_BD, n = 29; BPD_ADHD, n = 94, BD_BPD_ADHD n = 13) and 47 controls were included. All subjects were completed the Baratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-10) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). BD reported the same levels of impulsiveness as CTRL. When BPD and BD are co-morbid, impulsivity increased to reach the level of BPD. Impulsiveness was significantly associated to traumatic childhood event for BD and CTRL, not for BPD and AHDH. Impulsivity was assessed on the basis of a self-report questionnaire and not by the mean of an objective measure such as a neuropsychological test. Moreover, we don't know what treatment our pathological subjects were receiving. But, ADHD and BPD, despite the probable treatment, were more impulsive than healthy CTRLs who did not take medications. Impulsivity is probably not a feature of BD but is associated with the presence of traumatic childhood experiences, especially for euthymic patients, unlike BPD and ADHD. So, it seems essential to assess the presence of early trauma to reduce the impulsivity and improve the evolution of BD.

Richard-Lepouriel H ，Kung AL ，Hasler R ，Bellivier F ，Prada P ，Gard S ，Ardu S ，Kahn JP ，Dayer A ，Henry C ，Aubry JM ，Leboyer M ，Perroud N ，Etain B ... -  《-》

Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV borderline personality disorder: results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.

Grant BF ，Chou SP ，Goldstein RB ，Huang B ，Stinson FS ，Saha TD ，Smith SM ，Dawson DA ，Pulay AJ ，Pickering RP ，Ruan WJ ... -  《-》

The addition of STEPPS in the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder and comorbid borderline personality features: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Riemann G ，Weisscher N ，Goossens PJ ，Draijer N ，Apenhorst-Hol M ，Kupka RW ... -  《BMC Psychiatry》