Anti-CD33 chimeric antigen receptor targeting of acute myeloid leukemia.

Current therapies for acute myeloid leukemia are associated with high failure and relapse rates. Adoptive immunotherapies, which have shown promise in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, have the potential to target acute myeloid leukemia through pathways that are distinct and complementary to current approaches. Here, we describe the development of a novel adoptive immunotherapy specific for this disease. We generated a second generation CD33-specific chimeric antigen receptor capable of redirecting cytolytic effector T cells against leukemic cells. CD33 is expressed in approximately 90% of acute myeloid leukemia cases and has demonstrated utility as a target of therapeutic antibodies. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells efficiently killed leukemia cell lines and primary tumor cells in vitro. The anti-leukemia effect was CD33-specific, mediated through T-cell effector functions, and displayed tumor lysis at effector:target ratios as low as 1:20. Furthermore, the CD33-redirected T cells were effective in vivo, preventing the development of leukemia after prophylactic administration and delaying the progression of established disease in mice. These data provide pre-clinical validation of the effectiveness of a second-generation anti-CD33 chimeric antigen receptor therapy for acute myeloid leukemia, and support its continued development as a clinical therapeutic.

O'Hear C ，Heiber JF ，Schubert I ，Fey G ，Geiger TL ... -  《-》

In Vitro Pre-Clinical Validation of Suicide Gene Modified Anti-CD33 Redirected Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells for Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Minagawa K ，Jamil MO ，Al-Obaidi M ，Pereboeva L ，Salzman D ，Erba HP ，Lamb LS ，Bhatia R ，Mineishi S ，Di Stasi A ... -  《PLoS One》

CD33-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells exhibit potent preclinical activity against human acute myeloid leukemia.

Kenderian SS ，Ruella M ，Shestova O ，Klichinsky M ，Aikawa V ，Morrissette JJ ，Scholler J ，Song D ，Porter DL ，Carroll M ，June CH ，Gill S ... -  《-》

A dual-targeting approach with anti-IL10R CAR-T cells engineered to release anti-CD33 bispecific antibody in enhancing killing effect on acute myeloid leukemia cells.

Immunotherapies, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), encounter several challenges in the management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), including limited persistence of these treatments, antigen loss and resistance of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) to therapy. Here, we proposed a novel dual-targeting approach utilizing engineered anti-IL10R CAR-T cells to secrete bispecific antibodies targeting CD33. This innovative strategy, rooted in our previous research which established a connection between IL-10 and the stemness of AML cells, designed to improve targeting efficiency and eradicate both LSCs and AML blasts. We first demonstrated the superior efficacy of this synergistic approach in eliminating AML cell lines and primary cells expressing different levels of the target antigens, even in cases of low CD33 or IL10R expression. Furthermore, the IL10R CAR-T cells that secret anti-CD33 bsAbs (CAR.BsAb-T), exhibited an enhanced activation and induction of cytotoxicity not only in IL10R CAR-T cells but also in bystander T cells, thereby more effectively targeting CD33-positive tumor cells. Our in vivo experiments provided additional evidence that CAR.BsAb-T cells could efficiently redirect T cells, reduce tumor burden, and demonstrate no significant toxicity. Additionally, delivering bsAbs locally to the tumor sites through this strategy helps mitigate the pharmacokinetic challenges typically associated with the rapid clearance of prototypical bsAbs. Overall, the engineering of a single-vector targeting IL10R CAR, which subsequently secretes CD33-targeted bsAb, addresses the issue of immune escape due to the heterogeneous expression of IL10R and CD33, and represents a promising progress in AML therapy aimed at improving treatment outcomes.

Yan Z ，Gu R ，Ma H ，Chen N ，Zhang T ，Xu Y ，Qiu S ，Xing H ，Tang K ，Tian Z ，Rao Q ，Wang M ，Wang J ... -  《-》

Switching CAR T cells on and off: a novel modular platform for retargeting of T cells to AML blasts.

Cartellieri M ，Feldmann A ，Koristka S ，Arndt C ，Loff S ，Ehninger A ，von Bonin M ，Bejestani EP ，Ehninger G ，Bachmann MP ... -  《Blood Cancer Journal》