Local muscle injection of botulinum toxin type a synergistically improves the beneficial effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and intensive occupational therapy in post-stroke patients with spastic upper limb hemiparesis.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether local injection of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) into the spastic muscles has any added benefits to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (RTMS)/occupational therapy (OT) in patients with spastic upper limb hemiparesis. The study subjects of 80 post-stroke patients with spastic upper limb hemiparesis (age: 60.2 ± 13.0 years, time after stroke: 55.3 ± 43.0 months), were divided into the BoNT-A plus RTMS/OT group and RTMS/OT group. BoNT-A was injected into the spastic muscles (total dose: 240 units) before RTMS/OT. The latter included 12 sessions of 40 min RTMS over the non-lesional hemisphere and 240-min intensive OT daily over 15 days. Spasticity was evaluated by the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) and the motor function of the affected upper limb was evaluated serially with Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Wolf Motor Function Tests. Both groups showed significant improvements in spasticity and motor function. The addition of BoNT-A resulted in better improvement in FMA score and MAS of finger flexor muscles (p < 0.05). The triple-element protocol of local injection of BoNT-A into spastic finger muscles, RTMS and intensive OT, is a promising therapeutic program for post-stroke spastic upper limb hemiparesis, although its significance should be confirmed in randomized, placebo-controlled trials.

Yamada N ，Kakuda W ，Kondo T ，Mitani S ，Shimizu M ，Abo M ... -  《-》

Combined therapeutic application of botulinum toxin type A, low-frequency rTMS, and intensive occupational therapy for post-stroke spastic upper limb hemiparesis.

Kakuda W ，Abo M ，Momosaki R ，Yokoi A ，Fukuda A ，Ito H ，Tominaga A ，Umemori T ，Kameda Y ... -  《-》

Anti-spastic effect of low-frequency rTMS applied with occupational therapy in post-stroke patients with upper limb hemiparesis.

Kakuda W ，Abo M ，Kobayashi K ，Momosaki R ，Yokoi A ，Fukuda A ，Ito H ，Tominaga A ，Umemori T ，Kameda Y ... -  《-》

Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and intensive occupational therapy for poststroke patients with upper limb hemiparesis: preliminary study of a 15-day protocol.

Kakuda W ，Abo M ，Kobayashi K ，Momosaki R ，Yokoi A ，Fukuda A ，Ishikawa A ，Ito H ，Tominaga A ... -  《-》

Botulinum toxin type A injection, followed by home-based functional training for upper limb hemiparesis after stroke.

Takekawa T ，Kakuda W ，Taguchi K ，Ishikawa A ，Sase Y ，Abo M ... -  《-》