TD-19, an erlotinib derivative, induces epidermal growth factor receptor wild-type nonsmall-cell lung cancer apoptosis through CIP2A-mediated pathway.

Some patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations still respond to gefitinib and erlotinib, suggesting that there may be a mechanism(s) other than the EGFR pathway that mediates the tumoricidal effects. In the current study, we tested the efficacy of TD-19, a novel compound chemically modified from erlotinib, which has more potent apoptotic effects than erlotinib in EGFR wild-type NSCLC cell lines. TD-19 induced significant cell death and apoptosis in H358, H441, H460, and A549 cells, as evidenced by increased caspase-3 activity and cleavage of procaspase-9 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. The apoptotic effect of TD-19 in H460 cells, which were resistant to erlotinib, was associated with downregulation of cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A), increased protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity, and decreased AKT phosphorylation, but minimal effects on EGFR phosphorylation. Overexpression of CIP2A partially protected the H460 cells from TD-19-induced apoptosis. Okadaic acid, a known PP2A inhibitor, significantly reduced TD-19-induced apoptosis, while forskolin, which increased PP2A activity, increased the apoptotic effect of TD-19. TD-19 inhibited the growth of H460 xenograft tumors by ∼80%. We conclude that TD-19 exerted tumoricidal effects on NSCLC cells. TD-19 provides proof that the CIP2A pathway may be a novel target for the treatment of EGFR wild-type NSCLC.

Chao TT ，Wang CY ，Lai CC ，Chen YL ，Tsai YT ，Chen PT ，Lin HI ，Huang YC ，Shiau CW ，Yu CJ ，Chen KF ... -  《-》

CIP2A mediates erlotinib-induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells without EGFR mutation.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors show favorable clinical response in some patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have no EGFR mutation, indicating alternative mechanisms for their tumoricidal effects. We previously showed erlotinib, a selective EGFR antagonist, inhibited the growth of sensitive hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting the cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) pathway. The aim of this study was to determine if erlotinib can also inhibit the growth of NSCLC cells by inactivating the CIP2A-dependent signaling pathway. Four NSCLC cell lines (H358 H441 H460 and A549) were treated with erlotinib to determine their sensitivity to erlotinib-induced cell death and apoptosis. Expression of CIP2A and the downstream AKT were analyzed. The effects of CIP2A on erlotinib-induced apoptosis were confirmed by overexpression of CIP2A and knockdown of CIP2A gene expression in the sensitive cells and resistant cells, respectively. In vivo efficacy of erlotinib against H358 xenograft tumor was also determined in nude mice. Erlotinib induced significant cell death and apoptosis in H358 and H441 cells, as evidenced by increased caspase 3 activity and cleavage of pro-caspase 9 and PARP, but not in H460 or A549 cells. The apoptotic effect of erlotinib in the sensitive H358 cells was associated with downregulation of CIP2A, increase in PP2A activity and decrease in AKT phosphorylation. Overexpression of CIP2A and AKT protected the sensitive H358 cells from erlotinib-induced apoptosis. Knockdown of CIP2A gene expression by siRNA enhanced the erlotinib-induced apoptotic in the resistant H460 cells that resembled the sensitive H358 cells. Erlotinib also inhibited the growth of H358 tumors in nude mice. The CIP2A-dependent pathway mediates the tumoricidal effects of erlotinib on NSCLC cells without EGFR mutations in vitro and in vivo. CIP2A may be a novel molecular target against NSCLC for future drug development.

Wang CY ，Chao TT ，Chang FY ，Chen YL ，Tsai YT ，Lin HI ，Huang YC ，Shiau CW ，Yu CJ ，Chen KF ... -  《-》

Afatinib induces apoptosis in NSCLC without EGFR mutation through Elk-1-mediated suppression of CIP2A.

Chao TT ，Wang CY ，Chen YL ，Lai CC ，Chang FY ，Tsai YT ，Chao CH ，Shiau CW ，Huang YC ，Yu CJ ，Chen KF ... -  《-》

Cucurbitacin B Induces the Lysosomal Degradation of EGFR and Suppresses the CIP2A/PP2A/Akt Signaling Axis in Gefitinib-Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Liu P ，Xiang Y ，Liu X ，Zhang T ，Yang R ，Chen S ，Xu L ，Yu Q ，Zhao H ，Zhang L ，Liu Y ，Si Y ... -  《-》

Inhibition of CIP2A determines erlotinib-induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Erlotinib is a small-molecular inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Here, we identify that cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is a major determinant mediating erlotinib-induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Erlotinib showed differential effects on apoptosis in 4 human HCC cell lines. Erlotinib induced significant apoptosis in Hep3B and PLC5 cell lines; however, Huh-7 and HA59T cell lines showed resistance to erlotinib-induced apoptosis at all tested doses. Down-regulation of CIP2A, a cellular inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), mediated the apoptotic effect of erlotinib in HCC. Erlotinib inhibited CIP2A in a dose- and time-dependent manner in all sensitive HCC cells whereas no alterations in CIP2A were found in resistant cells. Overexpression of CIP2A upregulated phospho-Akt and protected Hep3B cells from erlotinib-induced apoptosis. In addition, silencing CIP2A by siRNA restored the effects of erlotinib in Huh-7 cells. Moreover, adding okadaic acid, a PP2A inhibitor, abolished the effects of erlotinib on apoptosis in Hep3B cells; and forskolin, a PP2A agonist enhanced the effect of erlotinib in resistant HA59T cells. Combining Akt inhibitor MK-2206 with erlotinib restored the sensitivity of HA59T cells to erlotinib. Furthermore, in vivo xenograft data showed that erlotinib inhibited the growth of PLC5 tumor but had no effect on Huh-7 tumor. Erlotinib downregulated CIP2A and upregulated PP2A activity in PLC5 tumors, but not in Huh-7 tumors. In conclusion, inhibition of CIP2A determines the effects of erlotinib on apoptosis in HCC. CIP2A may be useful as a therapeutic biomarker for predicting clinical response to erlotinib in HCC treatment.

Yu HC ，Chen HJ ，Chang YL ，Liu CY ，Shiau CW ，Cheng AL ，Chen KF ... -  《-》