The use of dried blood spots for quantification of 15 antipsychotics and 7 metabolites with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry.

Therapeutic drug monitoring of antipsychotics is important in optimizing individual therapy. In psychiatric populations, classical venous blood sampling is experienced as frightening. Interest in alternative techniques, like dried blood spots (DBS), has consequently increased. A fast and easy to perform DBS method for quantification of 16 antipsychotics (amisulpride, aripiprazole, asenapine, bromperidol, clozapine, haloperidol, iloperidone, levosulpiride, lurasidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, pipamperone, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole and zuclopenthixol) and 8 metabolites was developed. DBS were prepared using 25 μL of whole blood and extraction of complete spots was performed using methanol: methyl-t-butyl-ether (4:1). After evaporation, the extract was reconstituted in the mobile phase and 10 μL were injected on an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Separation using a C18 column and gradient elution with a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min resulted in a 6-min run-time. Ionization was performed in positive mode and a dynamic MRM method was applied. Median recovery was 66.4 % (range 28.7-84.5%). Accuracy was within the acceptance criteria, except for pipamperone (LLOQ and low concentration) and lurasidone (low concentration). Imprecision was only aberrant for lurasidone at low and medium concentration. All compounds were stable during 1 month at room temperature, 4 °C and -18 °C. Lurasidone was unstable when the extract was stored for 12 h on the autosampler. Absolute matrix effects (ME) (median 66.1%) were compensated by the use of deuterated IS (median 98.8%). The DBS method was successfully applied on 25-μL capillary DBS from patients and proved to be a reliable alternative for quantification of all antipsychotics except for olanzapine and N-desmethylolanzapine.

Patteet L ，Maudens KE ，Stove CP ，Lambert WE ，Morrens M ，Sabbe B ，Neels H ... -  《-》

High throughput identification and quantification of 16 antipsychotics and 8 major metabolites in serum using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Therapeutic drug monitoring of antipsychotics is important for optimizing therapy, explaining adverse effects, non-response or poor compliance. We developed a UHPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of 16 commonly used and recently marketed antipsychotics and 8 metabolites in serum. After liquid-liquid extraction using methyl tert-butyl ether, analysis was performed on an Agilent Technologies 1290 Infinity LC system coupled with an Agilent Technologies 6460 Triple Quadrupole MS. Separation with a C18 column and gradient elution at 0.5 mL/min resulted in a 6-min run-time. Detection was performed in dynamic MRM, monitoring 3 ion transitions per compound. Isotope labeled internal standards were used for every compound, except for bromperidol and levosulpiride. Mean recovery was 86.8%. Matrix effects were -18.4 to +9.1%. Accuracy ranged between 91.3 and 107.0% at low, medium and high concentrations and between 76.2 and 113.9% at LLOQ. Within-run precision was <15% (CV), except for asenapine and hydroxy-iloperidone. Between-run precision was aberrant only for 7-hydroxy-N-desalkylquetiapine, asenapine and reduced haloperidol. No interferences were found. No problems of instability were observed, even for olanzapine. The method was successfully applied on patient samples. The liquid-liquid extraction and UHPLC-MS/MS technique allows robust target screening and quantification of 23 antipsychotics and metabolites.

Patteet L ，Maudens KE ，Sabbe B ，Morrens M ，De Doncker M ，Neels H ... -  《-》

Dried Blood Spots Combined With Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the Quantification of the Antipsychotics Risperidone, Aripiprazole, Pipamperone, and Their Major Metabolites.

Tron C ，Kloosterboer SM ，van der Nagel BCH ，Wijma RA ，Dierckx B ，Dieleman GC ，van Gelder T ，Koch BCP ... -  《-》

Simultaneous measurement of cyclosporin A and tacrolimus from dried blood spots by ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus are immunosuppressant drugs principally used in solid organ transplant recipients. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of both drugs is essential to avoid toxicity related to overdosage, and transplant rejection from underdosage. This necessitates frequent hospital visits to phlebotomy services. Capillary blood sampling onto dried blood spots (DBS) provides numerous advantages to venous whole blood sampling, including the ability for patients to send DBS to the laboratory by post, significantly reducing the number of unnecessary hospital visits. We have developed a novel, simple and rapid method for the extraction and simultaneous UPLC-MS/MS measurement of both CsA and tacrolimus from DBS. The extraction method involved a simple 30 min hot solvent extraction with ultrasonication. Extract (10 μL) was injected onto a Waters Acquity UPLC column filter unit security frit, coupled to a Waters Acquity BEH C18 UPLC column, with methanolic mobile phase gradient elution. Eluant was connected to a Waters Quattro Premier XE tandem mass spectrometer operating in ES+ mode. We detected multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions of m/z 1220>1203 and 1231.9>1215.1 for CsA and d12 CsA respectively which co-eluted at 1.30min, and 821.6>768.5 and 809.6>756.5 for tacrolimus and ascomycin respectively which co-eluted at 1.17 min. Ion suppression was negligible. Mean recovery was 95.5% for CsA and 92.8% for tacrolimus. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation were both 8.5 μg/L for CsA, and 0.5 and 2.3 μg/L respectively for tacrolimus. The assay was linear up to 1500μg/L for CsA (r(2)=0.9999), and up to 50 μg/L for tacrolimus (r(2)=0.9994). Mean intra assay imprecision, inter assay imprecision and bias were all <10% for both CsA and tacrolimus. DBS were stable for at least 14 days at room temperature. Comparison of the DBS UPLC-MS/MS method and the routine venous whole blood LC-MS/MS assay demonstrated good agreement between the two methods for both drugs. We have developed a simple and robust method for the extraction and simultaneous measurement of CsA and tacrolimus from DBS. The method will allow TDM of transplant recipients to proceed at home using capillary blood sampling.

Hinchliffe E ，Adaway JE ，Keevil BG 《-》

Fast quantification of ten psychotropic drugs and metabolites in human plasma by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for therapeutic drug monitoring.

A sensitive and selective ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was developed for the fast quantification of ten psychotropic drugs and metabolites in human plasma for the needs of our laboratory (amisulpride, asenapine, desmethyl-mirtazapine, iloperidone, mirtazapine, norquetiapine, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine and risperidone). Stable isotope-labeled internal standards were used for all analytes, to compensate for the global method variability, including extraction and ionization variations. Sample preparation was performed by generic protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was achieved in less than 3.0min on an Acquity UPLC BEH Shield RP18 column (2.1mm×50mm; 1.7μm), using a gradient elution of 10mM ammonium formate buffer pH 3.0 and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.4ml/min. The compounds were quantified on a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in positive electrospray ionization mode, using multiple reaction monitoring. The method was fully validated according to the latest recommendations of international guidelines. Eight point calibration curves were used to cover a large concentration range 0.5-200ng/ml for asenapine, desmethyl-mirtazapine, iloperidone, mirtazapine, olanzapine, paliperidone and risperidone, and 1-1500ng/ml for amisulpride, norquetiapine and quetiapine. Good quantitative performances were achieved in terms of trueness (93.1-111.2%), repeatability (1.3-8.6%) and intermediate precision (1.8-11.5%). Internal standard-normalized matrix effects ranged between 95 and 105%, with a variability never exceeding 6%. The accuracy profiles (total error) were included in the acceptance limits of ±30% for biological samples. This method is therefore suitable for both therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies.

Ansermot N ，Brawand-Amey M ，Kottelat A ，Eap CB ... -  《-》