Effects of moderate- versus high-intensity exercise training on physical fitness and physical function in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.

Exercise training is effective for improving physical fitness and physical function in people with type 2 diabetes. However, limited research has been conducted on the optimal exercise training intensity for this population. The primary study objective was to investigate the effects of moderate- versus high-intensity exercise training on physical fitness and physical function in people with type 2 diabetes. This was a randomized clinical trial. The setting was a university campus. Twenty-one people with type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated to receive either moderate-intensity training (MOD group) or high-intensity training (HIGH group). The MOD group performed resistance training at an intensity of 75% of the 8-repetition maximum (8-RM) and aerobic training at an intensity of 30% to 45% of the heart rate reserve (HRR). The HIGH group performed resistance training at an intensity of 100% of the 8-RM and aerobic training at an intensity of 50% to 65% of the HRR. Muscle strength (peak torque [newton-meters]), exercise capacity (graded exercise test duration [minutes]), and physical function (Patient-Specific Functional Scale questionnaire) were measured at baseline and 3 months later. Acute exercise-induced changes in glucose levels were assessed immediately before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 1 hour after exercise during the first exercise training session. Although both groups showed improvements in physical fitness and physical function, the between-group effect sizes were not statistically significant (exercise capacity estimated marginal mean [EMM] difference=2.1, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]=-0.2, 4.5; muscle strength EMM difference=20.8, 95% CI=-23.3, 65.0; and physical function EMM difference=0.1, 95% CI=-0.6, 0.9). Mean percent changes in glucose levels measured immediately before exercise and immediately after exercise, immediately after exercise and 1 hour after exercise, and immediately before exercise and 1 hour after exercise for the MOD group were -11.4%, -5.0%, and -15.8%, respectively; those for the HIGH group were -21.5%, 7.9%, and -15.3%, respectively. Sample size, lack of outcome assessor masking, and physical function measurement subjectivity were limitations. Moderate- and high-intensity exercise training, as defined in this study, may lead to similar improvements in physical fitness and physical function in people with type 2 diabetes.

Taylor JD ，Fletcher JP ，Mathis RA ，Cade WT ... -  《-》

Impact of physical therapist-directed exercise counseling combined with fitness center-based exercise training on muscular strength and exercise capacity in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.

Taylor JD ，Fletcher JP ，Tiarks J 《-》

Effect of exercise training on physical fitness in type II diabetes mellitus.

Larose J ，Sigal RJ ，Boulé NG ，Wells GA ，Prud'homme D ，Fortier MS ，Reid RD ，Tulloch H ，Coyle D ，Phillips P ，Jennings A ，Khandwala F ，Kenny GP ... -  《-》

Comparison of strength development with resistance training and combined exercise training in type 2 diabetes.

Resistance training has been shown to increase strength in type 2 diabetes; however, it is unclear if combining resistance and aerobic training (A + R) impedes strength development compared with resistance training only (R). The purpose of this study was to compare changes in strength with A + R vs R in individuals with type 2 diabetes. We evaluated monthly workload increments in participants from the Diabetes Aerobic and Resistance Exercise clinical trial. Muscular strength was assessed through training volumes and as the eight repetition maximum (8-RM) at 0, 3, and 6 months. Both groups increased their upper and lower body volumes monthly for 6 months. The relative increase in upper body workload in R was significantly greater than A + R at 4 months (161 ± 11% vs 127 ± 11%, P = 0.009) and at 6 months of training (177 ± 11% vs 132 ± 11%, P = 0.008). Both groups had improvements in 8-RM workloads at 3 and 6 months. The resistance training group had a significantly greater improvement in 8-RM on the leg press at 6 months compared with A + R (80 ± 11% vs 58 ± 8%, P = 0.045). Both R and A + R improved strength with a 6-month training program; however, increases in strength may be greater with resistance training alone compared with performing both aerobic and resistance training.

Larose J ，Sigal RJ ，Khandwala F ，Kenny GP ... -  《-》

Different types of resistance training in type 2 diabetes mellitus: effects on glycaemic control, muscle mass and strength.

Egger A ，Niederseer D ，Diem G ，Finkenzeller T ，Ledl-Kurkowski E ，Forstner R ，Pirich C ，Patsch W ，Weitgasser R ，Niebauer J ... -  《-》