Dynamic analysis of oral Candida carriage, distribution, and antifungal susceptibility in HIV-infected patients during the first year of highly active antiretroviral therapy in Guangxi, China.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) as an effective therapy for immune reconstruction among patients with HIV/AIDS might have influence on oral Candida status. We investigated oral Candida carriage, distribution, and antifungal susceptibility dynamically during the first year of HAART among adult HIV-infected patients in Guangxi, China. Forty-five adult HIV-infected patients who received their first year HAART in the AIDS clinic of the Guangxi Center for Disease Control (CDC) and 31 healthy individuals were recruited. Clinical information and oral examinations were obtained. Oral rinses taken from patients at baseline, 3, 6, 12 months during HAART, respectively, were cultured, and Candida species were identified following standard microbiological techniques. In vitro antifungal susceptibilities were tested by the broth microdilution method. The oral Candida load decreased gradually in the 45 patients with HIV/AIDS during the first year of HAART (P < 0.050). Among 176 Candida isolates, Candida albicans (114/176) was the predominant species, and Candida parapsilosis (23/62) was the most common non-albicans species. We found the frequency of resistance to fluconazole and itraconazole of Candida isolated from our samples increased (P < 0.05) after 12 months of HAART. In addition, the frequency of C. albicans isolates resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole was on the rise (P < 0.05). The Candida load decreased with increased CD4(+) T cell counts, and C. albicans was still the prevailing species. Further, a trend toward more frequent in vitro resistance to fluconazole and itraconazole was observed. Our results provide reference for treatment and prevention of oral candidiasis among this population.

Jiang L ，Yong X ，Li R ，Peng Y ，Liu W ，Qin Q ，Zhang L ，Liu Z ，Liang H ，Tao R ... -  《-》

Oral Candida isolates among HIV-infected subjects in Nigeria.

Nigeria is a West African country of more than 150 million persons with the second highest case of HIV/AIDS infected patients in the world. The species spectrum of oral yeast colonization and the susceptibility to a wide range of antifungal agents is poorly understood in Nigeria especially in the south east, south south, and the northern axis. This study evaluates the species spectrum of oral colonization by Candida species in HIV-infected patients in Nigeria and the in vitro susceptibility pattern of the Candida isolates to a broad range of antifungal agents. Two hundred oropharyngeal swabs from HIV-infected patients and 100 age-matched healthy controls were screened for yeast isolates using standard procedures and confirmed by the analytical profile index 20C along with other biochemical tests. In vitro susceptibility testing of the yeast isolates to antifungals were performed using the broth microdilution method protocol recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Scientific Institute. Of 200 patients screened, 120 (60%) were colonized by yeasts. C albicans was the dominating species in both groups with 54 (45%) isolated from HIV subjects. The non-albicans Candida species accounted for 55% with C tropicalis 22 (18.3%) showing the highest frequency. We observed that 11.7% of all yeasts isolates were resistant to fluconazole, 8.3% to flucytosine, 7.5% to itraconazole, and 1.7% to voriconazole. All isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B and most of them demonstrated very low voriconazole minimal inhibitory concentrations. Apart from C albicans, C tropicalis and C parapsilosis isolates were also recovered from apparently healthy control subjects. Although C albicans continues to be the dominant Candida species in oral Candida carriage of HIV-infected patients in Nigeria, the nonalbicans Candida species are increasing. Furthermore, the finding of resistant isolates in our study emphasizes the need for antifungal susceptibility testing whenever antifungal treatment is desired especially in HIV-infected subjects.

Nweze EI ，Ogbonnaya UL 《-》

Oral Candida colonization and its relation with predisposing factors in HIV-infected children and their uninfected siblings in Brazil: the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Cerqueira DF ，Portela MB ，Pomarico L ，de Araújo Soares RM ，de Souza IP ，Castro GF ... -  《-》

Point prevalence, microbiology and antifungal susceptibility patterns of oral Candida isolates colonizing or infecting Mexican HIV/AIDS patients and healthy persons.

Sánchez-Vargas LO ，Ortiz-López NG ，Villar M ，Moragues MD ，Aguirre JM ，Cashat-Cruz M ，Lopez-Ribot JL ，Gaitán-Cepeda LA ，Quindós G ... -  《-》

Asymptomatic oral yeast carriage and antifungal susceptibility profile of HIV-infected patients in Kunming, Yunnan Province of China.

Li YY ，Chen WY ，Li X ，Li HB ，Li HQ ，Wang L ，He L ，Yang XP ，Wang XC ，Huang YL ，Yao YG ... -  《-》