Psychometric properties and population-based score distributions of the Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Preschoolers.

We aimed to present psychometric properties and describe the score distributions of the Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Preschoolers (JSQ-P), a guardian-reported survey questionnaire for assessing sleep disturbances and problematic sleep habits among preschool children. Guardians of 2998 toddlers in three communities and guardians of 102 patients diagnosed with sleep disorders in two clinics completed the JSQ-P. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed the 10 domains of the JSQ-P to be similar to our previous small-scale study and confirmed the robustness of the JSQ-P. The JSQ-P showed acceptable internal consistency; α coefficients ranged from 0.622 (insufficient sleep) to 0.912 (restless legs syndrome [RLS], motor) for the community sample and 0.696 (insufficient sleep) to 0.959 (RLS, motor) for the clinical sample. The score differentiations between the community and clinical samples associated with RLS, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), morning symptoms, parasomnias, excessive daytime sleepiness, and daytime behaviors were demonstrated in our study. The distributions of percentile T scores for each subscale and age and gender differentiation of scores also were evaluated. We confirmed that the JSQ-P is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate Japanese sleep habits using a large population-based sample. The JSQ-P may be useful in both clinical and academic settings.

Shimizu S ，Kato-Nishimura K ，Mohri I ，Kagitani-Shimono K ，Tachibana M ，Ohno Y ，Taniike M ... -  《-》

Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Elementary Schoolers (JSQ-ES): validation and population-based score distribution.

The Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Elementary Schoolers (JSQ-ES) was developed to measure the sleep habits and disturbances of Japanese children. The current study aimed to present psychometric properties and describe the score distribution of the JSQ-ES. In addition, it examined correlations between the sleep and daytime behavior of school-aged children. Guardians of 4369 elementary school children and 100 children diagnosed with sleep disorders in two clinics completed the JSQ-ES. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis suggested a nine-factor structure. The JSQ-ES internal consistency was 0.876 and 0.907 for the community and clinical groups, respectively. Score distribution differences were observed between the two groups. A cut-off point of 80 was identified for the total JSQ-ES score. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis suggested a nine-factor structure: (1) restless legs syndrome; (2) sleep-disordered breathing; (3) morning symptoms; (4) nighttime awakenings; (5) insomnia; (6) excessive daytime sleepiness; (7) daytime behavior; (8) sleep habits; and (9) irregular/delayed sleep phase. The study verified that the JSQ-ES is a valid and reliable instrument with which to evaluate Japanese sleep habits using a large population-based sample. The JSQ-ES may be useful in both clinical and academic settings.

Kuwada A ，Mohri I ，Asano R ，Matsuzawa S ，Kato-Nishimura K ，Hirata I ，Mitsuhosi T ，Kagitani-Shimono K ，Nakanishi M ，Tachibana M ，Ohno Y ，Taniike M ... -  《-》

Psychometric properties of an omnibus sleep problems questionnaire for school-aged children.

There is a paucity of sleep questionnaires that have been psychometrically validated for use in school-aged children. Due to the limitation regarding the psychometric properties and the great variety in question design, there remains a need for a robust omnibus questionnaire that assesses sleep problems in community populations. This study aimed to develop such a questionnaire for school-aged children by assessing the construct validity and reliability of a questionnaire based on a combination of children's sleep domains from two frequently used and validated questionnaires (Habits Questionnaire and Sleep Disorders Scale for Children) and author devised questions. Parents of 1904 children aged 5-10 years (mean 7.7 ± 1.7 years) from 32 elementary schools in Adelaide, South Australia, completed the questionnaire. Principal axis factoring revealed six unique sub-scales--Sleep Routine, Bedtime Anxiety, Morning Tiredness, Night Arousals, Sleep Disordered Breathing, and Restless Sleep--containing a total of 26 items. Internal consistency for sub-scales were moderate to strong (range α = 0.6-0.8) and test-retest reliability was adequate (>0.4). T-score cut-offs were devised for age and sex. The new questionnaire provides a robust set of sleep problem sub-scales which can be used for assessment of sleep concerns in a community sample as well as provide for optimal analysis of associations with other measures of childhood daytime functioning such as neurocognition and behaviour.

Biggs SN ，Kennedy JD ，Martin AJ ，van den Heuvel CJ ，Lushington K ... -  《-》

Sleep behavior disorders in a large cohort of chinese (Taiwanese) patients maintained by long-term hemodialysis.

Chen WC ，Lim PS ，Wu WC ，Chiu HC ，Chen CH ，Kuo HY ，Tsai TW ，Chien PI ，Su YJ ，Su YL ，Hung SH ，Woods HF ... -  《-》

Nocturnal disturbances and restlessness in Parkinson's disease: using the Japanese version of the Parkinson's disease sleep scale-2.

The aim of this study was to assess the validity and the reliability of the Japanese version of the Parkinson's disease sleep scale (PDSS)-2 and to use this scale to identify nocturnal symptoms and their impact on patient's quality of life. A cross-sectional, case-controlled study was conducted consisting of 93 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 93 age- and gender-matched control subjects. The Japanese version of the PDSS-2 was used for the evaluation of nocturnal disturbances. The patient's quality of life was evaluated with the Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life questionnaire (PDQ-39) and their depressive symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), respectively. In addition, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Parkinson Fatigue Scale (PFS) were administered. As assessed using the PDSS-2, PD patients had significantly impaired scores compared with control subjects (15.0±9.7 vs. 9.1±6.6, p<0.001). The ESS, BDI-II and PFS scores were significantly impaired in PD patients compared with controls. A satisfactory internal consistency and test-retest reliability score were obtained for the PDSS-2 total score (Cronbach's alpha=0.86). The PDSS-2 was correlated with the PSQI, ESS, BDI-II, PFS, PDQ-39 summary index, all of the PDQ-39 domains and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III. The frequency of restless legs syndrome (RLS) was not significantly different between PD patients and controls (5.5% vs. 2.2%), but nocturnal restlessness was significantly more frequent in PD patients than controls. Stepwise linear regression analyses revealed the PDQ-39 summary index and the PSQI global score as significant predictors for the PDSS-2 total score. Our study confirmed the usefulness of the Japanese version of the PDSS-2 that enables the comprehensive assessment of nocturnal disturbances in PD. The association between RLS and nocturnal restlessness in PD requires further study.

Suzuki K ，Miyamoto M ，Miyamoto T ，Tatsumoto M ，Watanabe Y ，Suzuki S ，Iwanami M ，Sada T ，Kadowaki T ，Numao A ，Trenkwalder C ，Hirata K ... -  《-》