Dose-dependent genotoxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles stimulated by reactive oxygen species in human lung epithelial cells.

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are of great interest in nanoscience and nanotechnology because of their broad industrial and commercial applications. Therefore, toxicity of CuO NPs needs to be thoroughly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress induced by CuO NPs in human lung epithelial (A549) cells. CuO NPs were synthesized by solvothermal method and the size of NPs measured under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was found to be around 23 nm. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays showed that CuO NPs (5-15 µg/ml) exert cytotoxicity in A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Comet assay suggested concentration-dependent induction of DNA damage due to the exposure to CuO NPs. The comet tail moment was 27% at 15 µg/ml of CuO NPs, whereas it was 5% in control (p < 0.05). The flow cytometry data revealed that CuO NPs induced micronuclei (MN) in A549 cells dose dependently. The frequency of MN was 25/10(3) cells at 15 µg/ml of CuO NPs, whereas it was 2/10(3) cells for control. CuO NPs were also found to induce oxidative stress in a concentration-dependent manner, which was indicated by induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation along with glutathione depletion. Moreover, MN induction and DNA damage were significantly correlated with ROS (R(2) = 0.937 for ROS vs. olive tail moment, and R(2) = 0.944 for ROS vs. MN). Taken together, this study suggested that CuO NPs induce genotoxicity in A549 cells, which is likely to be mediated through ROS generation and oxidative stress.

Akhtar MJ ，Kumar S ，Alhadlaq HA ，Alrokayan SA ，Abu-Salah KM ，Ahamed M ... -  《-》

CuO nanoparticle interaction with human epithelial cells: cellular uptake, location, export, and genotoxicity.

Wang Z ，Li N ，Zhao J ，White JC ，Qu P ，Xing B ... -  《-》

Protective effect of sulphoraphane against oxidative stress mediated toxicity induced by CuO nanoparticles in mouse embryonic fibroblasts BALB 3T3.

Akhtar MJ ，Ahamed M ，Fareed M ，Alrokayan SA ，Kumar S ... -  《-》

Toxic response of nickel nanoparticles in human lung epithelial A549 cells.

Nickel nanoparticle (Ni NP) is increasingly used in modern industries such as catalysts, sensors and electronic applications. Due to wide-spread industrial applications the inhalation is the primary source of exposure to Ni NPs. However, data demonstrating the effect of Ni NPs on the pulmonary system remain scarce. The present study was designed to examine the toxic effect of human lung epithelial A549 cells treated with well characterized Ni NPs at the concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 25 μg/ml for 24 and 48 h. Mitochondrial function (MTT assay), membrane leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH assay), reduced glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO) and caspase-3 activity were assessed as toxicity end points. Results showed that Ni NPs reduced mitochondrial function and induced the leakage of LDH in dose and time-dependent manner. Ni NPs were also found to induce oxidative stress in dose and time-dependent manner indicated by depletion of GSH and induction of ROS and LPO. Further, activity of caspase-3 enzyme, marker of apoptosis was significantly higher in treated cells with time and Ni NPs dosage. The results exhibited significant toxicity of Ni NPs in human lung epithelial A549 cells which is likely to be mediated through oxidative stress. This study warrants more careful assessment of Ni NPs before their industrial applications.

Ahamed M 《-》

Evaluation of cytotoxicity, morphological alterations and oxidative stress in Chinook salmon cells exposed to copper oxide nanoparticles.

Srikanth K ，Pereira E ，Duarte AC ，Rao JV ... -  《-》