Agreement in Swedish childless couples' reproductive intentions in relation to age.

to investigate the agreement in Swedish childless couples' reproductive intentions, in terms of (1) expecting to have children or not, (2) time point for a first child, and (3) number of children, in relation to age. cross-sectional data from the Swedish Young Adult Panel Study in 2009. Sweden. 216 childless couples (216 women and 216 men) questionnaire data on reproductive intentions. Descriptive analyses including Cohen's kappa were conducted for all couples, both for younger and older couples, where the woman was below or above the mean age for having the first child in Sweden, namely ≤ 28 years (younger) and ≥ 29 years (older). agreement in the partners' expectations whether to have children or not was substantial but far from perfect (κ=0.69), and it was higher in older couples (κ=0.70) than in younger ones (κ=0.51). Compared with younger couples, a higher proportion of older couples agreed not to have children or were uncertain (32% versus 5%; p<0.001). Overall, there was moderate agreement concerning the intended time point for a first child (κ=0.60), also when younger couples (κ=0.54) and older couples (κ=0.57) were analysed separately. On the other hand, there was only a slight agreement between the partners' responses concerning the desired number of children (κ=0.00), and in general the woman wanted more children. Swedish couples are in substantial agreement on if and when to have children, especially the older couples. However, the female partner is more likely than her male partner to be the one wanting the most children. partners' individual and mutual desires should be taken into account in reproductive counselling.

Schytt E 《-》

Still childless at the age of 28 to 40 years: a cross-sectional study of Swedish women's and men's reproductive intentions.

Delayed childbearing is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes. Our aim was to investigate Swedish women's and men's childbearing intentions at the age of 28, 32, 36 and 40 years, in terms of: (1) time point for a first child, (2) number of children, and (3) reasons for not yet having children. Cross-sectional data from the Swedish Young Adult Panel Study, including 365 childless women and 356 childless men aged 28, 32, 36 and 40 years who responded to a questionnaire in 2009. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Most 28- and 32-year-olds intended to have children, but only 32% of women and 37% of men aged 36/40 years (merged), many of whom still postponed childbearing. Reasons for remaining childless differed by age. Most prominent in the 36/40-year-olds were: lack of a partner (women 60%, men 59%), no desire for children (women 44%, men 44%), not mature enough (women 29%, men 35%), and wanting to do other things before starting a family (women 26%, men 33%). The 36/40-year-olds had the highest odds for infertility problems (OR 3.8; CI 95% 1.8-7.9) and lacking a suitable partner (OR 1.8 CI 95% 1.1-3.0), and lower odds for reasons related to work and financial situation. Many childless 36- and 40-year-olds intended to have children but seemed to overestimate their fecundity. The most prominent reasons for being childless were: not having wanted children up to now, lack of a partner, infertility problems, and prioritising an independent life.

Schytt E ，Nilsen AB ，Bernhardt E 《-》

A 10-year follow-up study of psychosocial factors affecting couples after infertility treatment.

Wischmann T ，Korge K ，Scherg H ，Strowitzki T ，Verres R ... -  《-》

Who makes the decision to have children? Couples' childbearing intentions and actual childbearing.

This study investigates how the childbearing intentions of women and men in couples affect actual childbearing over the following years with the aim to explore whether women's or men's intentions may be more important. The study is set in Sweden, a country known for ranking high in terms of gender equality and a country with relatively high fertility. We use the Young Adult Panel Study (YAPS), which gives information about both partners' long-term childbearing intentions in 2009, and follow these couples for five years with register data on childbearing. In 30 percent of the couples, both partners intended to have a child, and out of these about three quarters have a child. The results show that, in general, both partners need to intend to have a child for the couple to do so but that women's intentions tend to have more influence over the decision to have a second or third child. This phenomenon is interpreted as decision-making in relation to the cost and utility of children for women and men.

Duvander AZ ，Fahlén S ，Brandén M ，Ohlsson-Wijk S ... -  《-》

Pregnancy intentions among expectant adolescent couples.

To examine the self-reported pregnancy intentions of the male partners of expectant adolescent mothers, the accuracy of adolescent mothers' perceptions of their partner's pregnancy intentions, and the concordance between young mothers' and fathers' pregnancy intentions. This cross-sectional pilot study collected interview data from expectant adolescent mothers and their male partners. Data were collected in participants' homes. 35 expectant couples were interviewed separately. Most participants were African American (89% of mothers, 74% of fathers). 69% of mothers were 17-18 years old, and half of the fathers were ≥19. Parents responded to survey questions adapted from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System Questionnaire. 44% of fathers reported wanting their partner to get pregnant. Another 15% were ambivalent. A kappa statistic of 0.12 (P = .33) indicated very little "accuracy" of mothers' perceptions of their partners' pregnancy intentions. Further, there was low concordance between the pregnancy intentions of mothers and fathers. Young fathers who wanted or were ambivalent about pregnancy were significantly more likely to use no contraception or withdrawal. For a notable number of minority couples, adolescent mothers do not have an accurate perception of their partners' pregnancy intentions and use contraceptive methods that are not within their control. These findings indicate that teen pregnancy prevention interventions must target young males in addition to females and sexually active adolescents should be encouraged to discuss pregnancy intentions with each other.

Lewin A ，Mitchell SJ ，Hodgkinson S ，Gilmore J ，Beers LS ... -  《-》