Chinese version of the nursing students' perception of instructor caring (C-NSPIC): assessment of reliability and validity.

The nursing students' perceptions of instructor caring (NSPIC) is an instrument to assess the influence of caring interactions between students and faculty on students' ability to care. However, the validity and reliability of the Chinese version has not yet been studied. The study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of NSPIC (C-NSPIC). This is a cross-sectional study. The study was performed in three Tertiary Grade A (top level in China) and teaching hospitals in Shanghai, China. The participants of the study are nursing students during clinical practice. The English version of nursing students' perception of instructor caring scale was professionally translated into Chinese and a pilot test was undertaken to ensure the equivalence of meaning and cultural appropriateness. The content validity of the C-NSPIC was examined by a panel of eight experts, and test-retest was conducted to assess the item reliabilities of the scale. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit nursing students. A first sample (N=256) was recruited to explore the factorial structure of the C-NSPIC using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and a validation sample (N=358) was recruited to confirm the findings from the EFA using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). SPSS version 16.0 was used for the EFA and Amos 17.0 was used for the CFA. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the C-NSPIC was 0.933. The test-retest reliability was satisfactory, with the ICC scores for each item ranging from 0.603 to 0.962. The overall content validity index was 0.96. Five factors (control versus flexibility, supportive learning climate, confidence through caring, appreciation of life meaning and respectful sharing) were identified in EFA, which was consistent with that of the original English version, and were confirmed by CFA. The C-NSPIC can serve as a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the nursing students' perception of instructor caring in China, which may help to improve the nursing students' caring ability in China.

Li J ，Zhou L ，Zhu D ，Hu C ，Zhang X ，Xu Y ... -  《-》

Italian version of Nursing Students' Perception of Instructor Caring (I-NSPIC): assessment of reliability and validity.

Arrigoni C ，Puci M ，Grugnetti AM ，Collivasone L ，Fenizia E ，Borrelli P ，Vellone E ，Alvaro R ，Piredda M ，De Marinis MG ... -  《BMC Medical Education》

Assessment of reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the Nursing Students' Perception of Instructor Caring (S-NSPIC).

Romero-Martín M ，Gómez-Salgado J ，de la Fuente-Ginés M ，Macías-Seda J ，García-Díaz A ，Ponce-Blandón JA ... -  《PLoS One》

The Turkish version of the Nursing Students' Perceptions of Instructor Caring Scale: An assessment of psychometric properties.

The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Nursing Students' Perceptions of Instructor Caring (NSPIC-Tr) Scale. Methodological study. The sample of this study consisted of 344 nursing students. Its four-factor structure was confirmed with explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results. The results of CFA showed that the scale's fit index supported the EFA. The scale's Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient had high reliability. NSPIC-Tr is a valid and reliable scale for the assessment of Turkish nursing students' perceptions of instructor caring.

Durgun Ozan Y ，Duman M ，Çiçek Ö ，Boz İ ... -  《-》

Impact of Instructors' Caring on Students' Perceptions of Their Own Caring Behaviors.

The aim of this study was to identify the correlation between instructors' and students' caring behaviors and to explore the impact of instructors' caring on students' perceptions of their own caring behaviors. A descriptive, nonexperimental design was used in this study. A total of 586 student nurses from four countries (Greece, the Philippines, India, and Nigeria) were recruited to participate in this study during the months of September 2013 to January 2014. Data collection was based on interviews using two standardized questionnaires: the Nursing Students' Perception of Instructor Caring (NSPIC) and the Caring Behavior Inventory (CBI). Inferential statistics such as the Pearson r correlation and regression analysis were used to determine correlations between relevant variables. Student nurses perceived "instills confidence through caring" (mean = 4.275, SD = 0.755) as the most frequently demonstrated subscale, while "control vs. flexibility" (mean = 3.469, SD = 0.701) was the least demonstrated subscale. The highest self-reported subscale in the CBI was "assurance" (mean = 4.796, SD = 0.949), while "connectedness" (mean = 4.541, SD = 0.985) was the lowest self-rated subscale. The NSPIC correlated significantly with the CBI (r = .587, p < .001). Four of the five subscales in the NSPIC correlated significantly with the CBI when considered individually; the exception was the "Supportive learning climate" subscale (r = .009, p < .40). Among the NSPIC subscales, "instills confidence through caring" explained 32% in the CBI and "appreciation of life's meaning" explained 3% in the CBI. Instructors' caring behaviors influenced nursing students' caring behaviors positively. Through positive faculty modeling and role modeling, nursing students can be professionally trained to develop the competence of caring. The knowledge generated from this study provides direction in developing useful and effective caring strategies and curricular programs for nursing students. Understanding this concept in a cross-cultural context is necessary in order to develop an international perspective about caring, which is necessary in developing and formulating effective teaching and clinical strategies.

Labrague LJ ，McEnroe-Petitte DM ，Papathanasiou IV ，Edet OB ，Arulappan J ... -  《-》