Discordance between non-HDL-cholesterol and LDL-particle measurements: results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Cardiovascular risk assessment incorporates measurement of atherogenic lipids such as non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C). It remains uncertain under which circumstances atherogenic lipoprotein enumeration such as LDL particle number (LDL-P) differs from simultaneously acquired non-HDL-C. Participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were deemed LDL-P > non-HDL-C discordant if they exhibited higher LDL-P than expected for simultaneously measured non-HDL-C, given the observed distribution of both in MESA. Conversely, a lower LDL-P than would be suggested from non-HDL-C characterized LDL-P < non-HDL-C discordance. Regression models were used to estimate associations of demographics and comorbidities with discordance and of LDL-P and non-HDL-C with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and detectable coronary artery calcium (CAC) among discordance groups. Discordance was observed among 44% of subjects. LDL-P > non-HDL-C compared to LDL-P < non-HDL-C discordance was more common among Hispanics and smokers; among subjects with lower HDL-C, lower triglycerides, or greater insulin resistance by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); and among subjects on lipid-lowering therapy, anti-hypertensive therapy, or hormone replacement therapy. In the setting of discordance, LDL-P exhibited a modestly greater association with CIMT than did non-HDL-C (+0.024-0.025 mm vs +0.018-0.021 mm per SD increase). In the presence of LDL-P < non-HDL-C discordance, LDL-P demonstrated a modestly greater association with detectable CAC than did non-HDL-C (OR 1.51 vs 1.46 per SD increase). Our results demonstrated that disagreement between LDL-P and non-HDL-C was common and significantly associated with several clinical characteristics. In the setting of discordance, LDL-P was more closely associated with CIMT and CAC than non-HDL-C, though observed differences were small.

Degoma EM ，Davis MD ，Dunbar RL ，Mohler ER 3rd ，Greenland P ，French B ... -  《-》

Apolipoprotein B discordance with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in relation to coronary artery calcification in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Discordant levels of apolipoprotein B (apo B) relative to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) may be associated with subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The present study investigated whether discordance between apo B and LDL-C or non-HDL-C levels was associated with subclinical ASCVD measured by coronary artery calcium (CAC). This study was conducted in a subpopulation of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort, aged 45 to 84 years, free of ASCVD, and not taking lipid-lowering medications at the baseline (2000-2002) (prevalence analytic N = 4623; incidence analytic N = 2216; progression analytic N = 3947). Apo B discordance relative to LDL-C and non-HDL-C was defined using residuals and percentile rankings (>5/10/15 percentile). Associations with prevalent and incident CAC (CAC > 0 vs CAC = 0) were assessed using prevalence ratio/relative risk regression and CAC progression (absolute increase/year) using multinomial logistic regression. Higher apo B levels were associated with CAC prevalence, incidence, and progression. Apo B discordance relative to LDL-C or non-HDL-C was inconsistently associated with CAC prevalence and progression. Discordantly high apo B relative to LDL-C and non-HDL-C was associated with CAC progression. Associations for apo B discordance with non-HDL-C remained after further adjustment for metabolic syndrome components. Apo B was associated with CAC among adults aged ≥45 years not taking statins, but provided only modest additional predictive value of apo B for CAC prevalence, incidence, or progression beyond LDL-C or non-HDL-C. Apo B discordance may still be important for ASCVD risk assessment and further research is needed to confirm findings.

Cao J ，Nomura SO ，Steffen BT ，Guan W ，Remaley AT ，Karger AB ，Ouyang P ，Michos ED ，Tsai MY ... -  《-》

Discordance of Low-Density Lipoprotein and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Particle Versus Cholesterol Concentration for the Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus (from the Multi-Ethnic Study o

A stronger association for low-density lipoprotein particle (LDL-P) and high-density lipoprotein particle (HDL-P) versus cholesterol concentrations (LDL-C and HDL-C) in predicting coronary heart disease (CHD) has been noted. We evaluate the role of these factors and extent of particle-cholesterol discordance in those with diabetes mellitus (DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) for event prediction. In the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, we examined discordance of LDL and HDL (defined as a subject's difference between baseline particle and cholesterol percentiles), LDL-C, LDL-P, HDL-C, and HDL-P in relation to incident CHD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in subjects with DM, MetS (without DM), or neither condition using Cox regression. Of the 6,417 subjects with 10-year follow-up, those with MetS (n = 1,596) and DM (n = 838) had significantly greater LDL and HDL discordance compared with those without these conditions. In discordance models, only LDL discordance (per SD) within the MetS group was positively associated with CHD events (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01 to 1.48, p <0.05). In models with individual particle/cholesterol variables (per SD), within the DM group, HDL-P was inversely (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.96, p <0.05) and LDL-C positively (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.03, p <0.05) associated with CHD. In those with MetS, only LDL-P was positively associated with CHD (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.78, p <0.05). Similar findings were also seen for CVD. LDL discordance and higher LDL-P in MetS, and higher LDL-C and lower HDL-P in DM, predict CHD and CVD, supporting a potential role for examining lipoprotein particles and discordances in those with MetS and DM.

Tehrani DM ，Zhao Y ，Blaha MJ ，Mora S ，Mackey RH ，Michos ED ，Budoff MJ ，Cromwell W ，Otvos JD ，Rosenblit PD ，Wong ND ... -  《-》

Mild elevations of urine albumin excretion are associated with atherogenic lipoprotein abnormalities in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

de Boer IH ，Astor BC ，Kramer H ，Palmas W ，Rudser K ，Seliger SL ，Shlipak MG ，Siscovick DS ，Tsai MY ，Kestenbaum B ... -  《-》

LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio discordance with lipid parameters and carotid intima-media thickness: a cohort study in China.

Lou Y ，Li X ，Cao L ，Qin P ，Shi J ，Zhang Y ，Wang C ，Ma J ，Wang L ，Peng X ，Chen H ，Xu S ，Hu F ，Zhao Y ，Zhao P ... -  《Lipids in Health and Disease》