Anxiety and depression associated with caregiver burden in caregivers of stroke survivors with spasticity.

To investigate the relationship between anxiety/depression and caregiver burden in informal caregivers of stroke survivors with spasticity. Data were collected via online surveys from informal caregivers 18 years or older who cared for stroke survivors. Internet-based survey. 2007 through 2009 U.S. National Health and Wellness Survey database or Lightspeed Research general panel respondents (N=153). Not applicable. Anxiety and depression were self-reported by the caregiver as a physician diagnosis. Depression severity was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Caregiver burden was measured by the Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale (OCBS) and the Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale (BCOS). Logistic regression analyses were conducted with anxiety, depression, and the PHQ-9 depression severity categories as a result of each caregiver burden scale. Data were analyzed for 153 informal caregivers; they were mostly women (70.6%) and white (78.4%), with a mean age of 51.6 years. For every 1-point increase in the OCBS Difficulty Scale, the odds of anxiety or depression were 2.57 times as great (P<.001) and 1.88 times as great (P=.007), respectively. The odds of PHQ-9 severe depression versus all other categories combined were 2.48 times as great (P<.001). For every 1-point decrease in the BCOS, the odds of anxiety or depression were 2.43 times as great (P<.001) and 2.27 times as great (P=.002), respectively. The odds of PHQ-9 severe depression versus all other categories combined were 4.55 times as great (P<.001). As caregiver burden increases, caregivers are more likely to have anxiety and depression. Depression severity also increases. Providing treatment to stroke survivors with spasticity that lessens the time and more importantly, the difficulty of caregiving may lead to a reduction in caregiver anxiety and depression.

Denno MS ，Gillard PJ ，Graham GD ，DiBonaventura MD ，Goren A ，Varon SF ，Zorowitz R ... -  《-》

Caregiver burden, productivity loss, and indirect costs associated with caring for patients with poststroke spasticity.

Ganapathy V ，Graham GD ，DiBonaventura MD ，Gillard PJ ，Goren A ，Zorowitz RD ... -  《Clinical Interventions in Aging》

Caring for stroke survivors: baseline and 1-year determinants of caregiver burden.

Rigby H ，Gubitz G ，Eskes G ，Reidy Y ，Christian C ，Grover V ，Phillips S ... -  《-》

An Evaluation of the Family Informal Caregiver Stroke Self-Management Program.

Mores G ，Whiteman RM ，Ploeg J ，Knobl P ，Cahn M ，Klaponski L ，Lindley A ，Fisher K ... -  《-》

Employment status, social function decline and caregiver burden among stroke survivors. A South Indian study.

Stroke leaves at least 60% of the survivors with moderate to severe disability limiting their employment status and social functioning leading to high levels of caregiver burden. We sought to study the employment status and level of change of social functioning of stroke survivors and their principal caregiver and correlate it with severity of stroke, functional disability, and anxiety and depression scores. One hundred and fifty stroke survivors and principal caregivers (3 months-2 years post-stroke) were recruited for the study. The employment status pre- and post-stroke was assessed. The social function of the patient and caregiver was analyzed using a 6 item social function scale developed for the study, encompassing culturally relevant questions. A 20 point scale adapted from Burden assessment schedule was used to assess the caregiver burden. Mean age of the study group was 54.37±12.072 (range 22-75 years), with 116 males and 34 females. Spouse was the principal caregiver for 142/150 patients (94.6%). In the stroke survivors, compared to the pre-stroke employment status of 62.7%, only 20.7% were employed post-stroke with half having change of job. But the employment status of caregiver was not reduced post-stroke (34.7% vs 33.3%). Employment loss in stroke survivors had a statistically significant association with severity of functional disability, male gender and presence of limb weakness (p values 0.037, 0.0001 and 0.043 respectively). There was an overall decline in social functions among the 6 parameters assessed in both the stroke survivors and caregivers. Of the caregiver burden, financial burden was more among female and older caregivers. The functional status and motor weakness of the stroke survivors did not tend to worsen the overall caregiver burden. Loss of occupation among stroke survivors is high. The decline in social function among stroke survivors and caregivers was significant. Even though functional disability contributed to employment loss and social function decline among stroke survivors, it did not have a significant impact on caregiver burden.

Sreedharan SE ，Unnikrishnan JP ，Amal MG ，Shibi BS ，Sarma S ，Sylaja PN ... -  《-》