Pro-A-type natriuretic peptide, proadrenomedullin, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide used in a multimarker strategy in primary health care in risk assessment of patients with symptoms of heart failure.

Use of new biomarkers in the handling of heart failure patients has been advocated in the literature, but most often in hospital-based populations. Therefore, we wanted to evaluate whether plasma measurement of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), midregional pro-A-type natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), and midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM), individually or combined, gives prognostic information regarding cardiovascular and all-cause mortality that could motivate use in elderly patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of heart failure in primary health care. The study included 470 elderly patients (mean age 73 years) with symptoms of heart failure in primary health care. All participants underwent clinical examination, 2-dimenstional echocardiography, and plasma measurement of the 3 propeptides and were followed for 13 years. All mortality was registered during the follow-up period. The 4th quartiles of the biomarkers were applied as cutoff values. NT-proBNP exhibited the strongest prognostic information with >4-fold increased risk for cardiovascular mortality within 5 years. For all-cause mortality MR-proADM exhibited almost 2-fold and NT-proBNP 3-fold increased risk within 5 years. In the 5-13-year perspective, NT-proBNP and MR-proANP showed significant and independent cardiovascular prognostic information. NT-proBNP and MR-proADM showed significant prognostic information regarding all-cause mortality during the same time. In those with ejection fraction (EF) <40%, MR-proADM exhibited almost 5-fold increased risk of cardiovascular mortality with 5 years, whereas in those with EF >50% NT-proBNP exhibited >3-fold increased risk if analyzed as the only biomarker in the model. If instead the biomarkers were all below the cutoff value, the patients had a highly reduced mortality risk, which also could influence the handling of patients. The 3 biomarkers could be integrated in a multimarker strategy for use in primary health care.

Alehagen U ，Dahlström U ，Rehfeld JF ，Goetze JP ... -  《-》

Comparison of midregional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide with N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in predicting survival in patients with chronic heart failure.

von Haehling S ，Jankowska EA ，Morgenthaler NG ，Vassanelli C ，Zanolla L ，Rozentryt P ，Filippatos GS ，Doehner W ，Koehler F ，Papassotiriou J ，Kremastinos DT ，Banasiak W ，Struck J ，Ponikowski P ，Bergmann A ，Anker SD ... -  《-》

Combined use of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide improves measurements of performance over established mortality risk factors in chronic heart failure.

Heart failure still maintains a high mortality. Biomarkers reflecting different pathophysiological pathways are under evaluation to better stratify the mortality risk. The objective was to assess high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) in combination with N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) for risk stratification in a real-life cohort of ambulatory heart failure patients. We analyzed 876 consecutive patients (median age 70.3 years, median left ventricular ejection fraction 34%) treated at a heart failure unit. A combination of biomarkers reflecting myocyte injury (hs-cTnT) and myocardial stretch (NT-proBNP) was used in addition to an assessment based on established mortality risk factors (age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association functional class, diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate, ischemic etiology, sodium, hemoglobin, β-blocker treatment, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker treatment). During a median follow-up of 41.4 months, 311 patients died. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP were independent prognosticators (P = .003 each). The combined elevation of both biomarkers above cut-off values significantly increased the risk of death (HR 7.42 [95% CI, 5.23-10.54], P < .001). When hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP were individually included in a model with established mortality risk factors, measurements of performance significantly improved. Results obtained for hs-cTnT compared with NT-proBNP were superior according to comprehensive discrimination, calibration, and reclassification analysis (net reclassification indices of 7.7% and 1.5%, respectively). hs-cTnT provides significant prognostic information in a real-life cohort of patients with chronic heart failure. Simultaneous addition of hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP into a model that includes established risk factors improves mortality risk stratification.

de Antonio M ，Lupon J ，Galan A ，Vila J ，Urrutia A ，Bayes-Genis A ... -  《-》

Comparative evaluation of B-type natriuretic peptide, mid-regional pro-A-type natriuretic peptide, mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin, and Copeptin to predict 1-year mortality in patients with acute destabilized heart failure.

Gegenhuber A ，Struck J ，Dieplinger B ，Poelz W ，Pacher R ，Morgenthaler NG ，Bergmann A ，Haltmayer M ，Mueller T ... -  《-》

Adaptive cardiovascular hormones in a spectrum of heart failure phenotypes.

In heart failure (HF), activation of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and adrenomedullin (ADM) is adaptive. The activation of these peptides in relation to different HF phenotypes such as HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and heart transplantation (HTx) remains poorly characterized. We measured and compared N-terminal (NT)-proBNP, mid-regional (MR)-proANP and mid-regional (MR)-proADM in 86 patients with HFpEF, 49 patients with HFrEF, 13 patients one year post-LVAD and 22 patients one year post-HTx. We assessed their prognostic impact using Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariable Cox regression. In HFpEF, HFrEF, LVAD and HTx, NT-proBNP, median (inter-quartile range), was 1000 (465-2335), 3145 (1475-5190), 1430 (986-2570), and 208 (127-353) pmol/L, p < 0.001. MR-proANP was 313 (192-381), 449 (325-596), 276 (216-305), and 118 (96-163) pmol/L, p < 0.001. MR-proADM was 1.2 (0.9-1.6), 1.3 (0.9-2.0), 0.9 (0.7-1.4), and 0.7 (0.6-0.9) nmol/L, p < 0.001 overall and p = 0.212 HFpEF versus HFrEF. In both HFpEF and HFrEF, NT-proBNP and MR-proANP predicted survival free from HTx or LVAD, independent of age, gender, NYHA class and eGFR, whereas MR-proADM did not. Patterns of the cardiomyocyte stress hormones NT-proBNP and MR-proANP suggest that compared to HFrEF, HFpEF may represent milder disease and LVAD and HTx may represent progressive resolution of HF severity. NT-proBNP and MR-proANP independently predicted prognosis in both HFpEF and HFrEF. In contrast, MR-proADM did not distinguish between HFpEF and HFrEF, did not predict prognosis in either, and may be more non-specific in HF.

Zabarovskaja S ，Hage C ，Linde C ，Daubert JC ，Donal E ，Gabrielsen A ，Mellbin L ，Lund LH ... -  《-》