Doxorubicin conjugated NaYF(4):Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) nanoparticles for therapy and sensing of drug delivery by luminescence resonance energy transfer.

In this study, we report an anticancer drug delivery system based on doxorubicin (DOX)-conjugated NaYF(4):Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) nanoparticles. The as-synthesized nanoparticles consist of uniform spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter of 25 nm. The drug delivery system demonstrates the ability to release DOX by cleavage of the hydrazone bond in mildly acidic environments. The spectra overlap between emission of donor NaYF(4):Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) nanoparticles at 452 nm ((1)D(2)→(3)F(4)) and 477 nm ((1)G(4)→(3)H(6)) and the broad absorbance of acceptor DOX centered at around 480 nm enables energy transfer to occur between the nanoparticles and DOX. The quenching and recovery of the up-conversion luminescence of NaYF(4):Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) by DOX due to luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) mechanism are applied as optical probe to confirm the DOX conjunction and monitor the release of DOX. The DOX-conjugated NaYF(4):Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) nanoparticles exhibit an obvious cytotoxic effect on SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells via MTT assay. Meanwhile, the endocytosis process of DOX-conjugated NaYF(4):Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) nanoparticles by SKVO3 cells was demonstrated through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), flow cytometry and ICP-OES. Such drug delivery system, which combines pH-triggered drug-release and up-converting nanoparticles-based LRET property, has excellent potential applications in cancer therapy and smart imaging.

Dai Y ，Yang D ，Ma P ，Kang X ，Zhang X ，Li C ，Hou Z ，Cheng Z ，Lin J ... -  《-》

Up-conversion cell imaging and pH-induced thermally controlled drug release from NaYF4/Yb3+/Er3+@hydrogel core-shell hybrid microspheres.

Dai Y ，Ma P ，Cheng Z ，Kang X ，Zhang X ，Hou Z ，Li C ，Yang D ，Zhai X ，Lin J ... -  《-》

Immunoassay of goat antihuman immunoglobulin G antibody based on luminescence resonance energy transfer between near-infrared responsive NaYF4:Yb, Er upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles.

Wang M ，Hou W ，Mi CC ，Wang WX ，Xu ZR ，Teng HH ，Mao CB ，Xu SK ... -  《-》

Doxorubicin-conjugated β-NaYF4:Gd(3+)/Tb(3+) multifunctional, phosphor nanorods: a multi-modal, luminescent, magnetic probe for simultaneous optical and magnetic resonance imaging and an excellent pH-triggered anti-cancer drug delivery nanovehicle.

Padhye P ，Alam A ，Ghorai S ，Chattopadhyay S ，Poddar P ... -  《-》

One-step synthesis of small-sized and water-soluble NaREF4 upconversion nanoparticles for in vitro cell imaging and drug delivery.

Small (2-28 nm) NaREF(4) (rare earth (RE)=Nd-Lu, Y) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by an oil/water two-phase approach. Meanwhile, hydrophilic NPs can be obtained through a successful phase-transition process by introducing the amphiphilic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) into the same reaction system. Hollow-structured NaREF(4) (RE=Y, Yb, Lu) NPs can be fabricated in situ by electron-beam lithography on solid NPs. The MTT assay indicates that these hydrophilic NPs with hollow structures exhibit good biocompatibility. The as-prepared hollow-structured NPs can be used as anti-cancer drug carriers for drug storage/release investigations. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) was taken as model drug. The release of DOX from hollow α-NaLuF(4):20% Yb(3+), 2% Er(3+) exhibits a pH-sensitive release patterns. Confocal microscopy observations indicate that the NPs can be taken up by HeLa cells and show obvious anti-cancer efficacy. Furthermore, α-NaLuF(4):20% Yb(3+), 2% Er(3+) NPs show bright-red emission under IR excitation, making both the excitation and emission light fall within the "optical window" of biological tissues. The application of α-NaLuF(4):20% Yb(3+), 2% Er(3+) in the luminescence imaging of cells was also investigated, which shows a bright-red emission without background noise.

Yang D ，Dai Y ，Ma P ，Kang X ，Cheng Z ，Li C ，Lin J ... -  《-》