Progestin-only contraception and venous thromboembolism.

Combined oral contraceptives (COC) are the most popular contraceptive method in developed countries. Since their introduction there have been numerous changes and modifications in its composition with the aim to improve safety and tolerability while maintaining contraceptive efficacy. Most of the changes have been conducted on the progestin component, since most of the combinations include ethinyl estradiol as oestrogen. One of the adverse effects of COC is the increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in two clinical forms of presentation: deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. This review details the changes in haemostasis induced by progestin-only contraceptives and the risk of VTE in women who utilize this type of contraception; the relationship with other risk factors such as thrombophilia; the interactions of these contraceptives with anticoagulant treatment and finally the eligibility criteria for the use of hormonal contraception in women with previous VTE or thrombophilia carriers.

Blanco-Molina MA ，Lozano M ，Cano A ，Cristobal I ，Pallardo LP ，Lete I ... -  《-》

Contraception, venous thrombosis and biological plausability.

Rott H 《MINERVA MEDICA》

Risk of venous thromboembolism with drospirenone in combined oral contraceptive products.

Sehovic N ，Smith KP 《-》

The state of hormonal contraception today: benefits and risks of hormonal contraceptives: combined estrogen and progestin contraceptives.

Discussion of effective birth control methods can be a challenging process for clinicians because the adoption and consistent use of contraception may be influenced by patients' fears, myths, and misperceptions. Over the years, new progestins have been included in combination contraceptives or are used alone to provide effective contraception as well as to decrease androgenic side effects and ameliorate the symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Alternative delivery systems and regimens have also been introduced to improve tolerability and continuance and convenience of use. This is a review of estrogen and progestin combinations and their effects.

Shulman LP 《-》

[Hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism: When to ask for an assessment of hemostasis? Which parameters?].

Plu-Bureau G ，Horellou MH ，Gompel A ，Conard J ... -  《-》