Time-dependent predominance of nonhomologous DNA end-joining pathways during embryonic development in mice.

Repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is crucial for maintaining genomic integrity during the successful development of a fertilized egg into a whole organism. To date, the mechanism of DSB repair in postimplantation embryos has been largely unknown. In the present study, using a cell-free repair system derived from the different embryonic stages of mice, we find that canonical nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), one of the major DSB repair pathways in mammals, is predominant at 14.5 day of embryonic development. Interestingly, all four types of DSBs tested were repaired by ligase IV/XRCC4 and Ku-dependent classical NHEJ. Characterization of end-joined junctions and expression studies further showed evidences for canonical NHEJ. Strikingly, in contrast to the above, we observed noncanonical end joining accompanied by DSB resection, dependent on microhomology and ligase III in 18.5-day embryos. Interestingly, we observed an elevated expression of CtIP, MRE11, and NBS1 at this stage, suggesting that it could act as a switch between classical end joining and microhomology-mediated end joining at later stages of embryonic development. Thus, our results establish for the first time the existence of both canonical and alternative NHEJ pathways during the postimplantation stages of mammalian embryonic development.

Chiruvella KK ，Sebastian R ，Sharma S ，Karande AA ，Choudhary B ，Raghavan SC ... -  《-》

Homology and enzymatic requirements of microhomology-dependent alternative end joining.

Sharma S ，Javadekar SM ，Pandey M ，Srivastava M ，Kumari R ，Raghavan SC ... -  《Cell Death & Disease》

Characterization of DNA double-strand break repair pathways in diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Efficient DNA repair is indispensable for maintaining genomic integrity in humans. Cancer associated deletions and mutations are mainly due to misrepaired DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Classical nonhomologous end joining (c-NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) are two major DSB repair pathways in humans. An error prone, alternative NHEJ pathway that utilizes microhomology was also reported in cancer cells and to a lesser extent in normal cells. In the present study, we evaluated the efficiency of various DSB repair pathways in the most common lymphoma, the diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here we show that DNA repair through c-NHEJ pathway is limited in SUDHL8, a cell line derived from a DLBCL patient. Unlike c-NHEJ, microhomology mediated end joining (MMEJ) was predominant at physiological temperature. Consistent with the observation, expression level of repair proteins such as LIGASE I, LIGASE III, PARP1, CtIP, and MRE11 was higher in DLBCL cells when compared to c-NHEJ proteins. Further, inhibition of LIGASE I or MRE11, led to reduction in the efficiency of MMEJ in DLBCL cells. Besides, HR-mediated DSB repair occurring through gene conversion was observed. Thus, our results reveal the predominance of MMEJ over c-NHEJ in repairing DSBs in DLBCL cells, while error-free repair through HR was also evident.

Gopalakrishnan V ，Dahal S ，Radha G ，Sharma S ，Raghavan SC ，Choudhary B ... -  《-》

Alternative end-joining is suppressed by the canonical NHEJ component Xrcc4-ligase IV during chromosomal translocation formation.

Simsek D ，Jasin M 《-》

Human Mre11/human Rad50/Nbs1 and DNA ligase IIIalpha/XRCC1 protein complexes act together in an alternative nonhomologous end joining pathway.

Della-Maria J ，Zhou Y ，Tsai MS ，Kuhnlein J ，Carney JP ，Paull TT ，Tomkinson AE ... -  《-》