NK-cells have an impaired response to acute exercise and a lower expression of the inhibitory receptors KLRG1 and CD158a in humans with latent cytomegalovirus infection.

NK-cells and γδ T-cells are cytotoxic effectors of the immune system that are preferentially mobilized into the blood compartment in response to acute stress and exercise. While infection history is known to alter the phenotype and exercise-responsiveness of CD8+ T-cells, the influence of latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections on the phenotypes and exercise-responsiveness of NK-cells and γδ T-cells are unknown. Twenty healthy males (age: 28.4±5.4 years) cycled for 30 min at 85% peak power. Blood lymphocytes isolated before, immediately after, and 1 h after exercise were surface stained for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, CD57, CD158a, KLRG1, and γδ-TCR antigens by four-color flow cytometry. CMV and EBV serostatus (pos/neg) was determined by ELISA. CMVpos had lower proportions of NK-cells expressing inhibitory receptors (KLRG1+ and CD158a+) and higher proportions of terminally differentiated NK-cells (KLRG1-/CD57+) compared to CMVneg. CMVpos mobilized far fewer (132 cells/μL vs. 245 cells/μL) NK-cells in response to exercise despite having similar baseline NK-cell counts and physiological responses to exercise as CMVneg, although terminally differentiated NK-cells were equally responsive to exercise regardless of CMV serostatus (p=0.658). EBVpos had higher proportions of CD8+ NK-cells, but cellular responses to exercise were not influenced by EBV. The frequency and exercise-responsiveness of γδ T-cells was not affected by CMV or EBV serostatus (p>0.05). In conclusion, latent CMV infection is associated with lowered numbers of NK-cells expressing inhibitory receptors and a blunted mobilization of NK-cells in response to acute exercise. This may indicate a compromised immune response to "fight-or-flight" situations in those infected with CMV.

Bigley AB ，Lowder TW ，Spielmann G ，Rector JL ，Pircher H ，Woods JA ，Simpson RJ ... -  《-》

Senescent phenotypes and telomere lengths of peripheral blood T-cells mobilized by acute exercise in humans.

Simpson RJ ，Cosgrove C ，Chee MM ，McFarlin BK ，Bartlett DB ，Spielmann G ，O'Connor DP ，Pircher H ，Shiels PG ... -  《EXERCISE IMMUNOLOGY REVIEW》

Aerobic fitness is associated with lower proportions of senescent blood T-cells in man.

Senescent T-cells accumulate with age, lowering the naïve T-cell repertoire and increasing host infection risk. As this response is likely to be influenced by certain lifestyle factors, we examined the association between aerobic fitness (VO(2max)) and the age-related accumulation of senescent T-cells. Blood lymphocytes from 102 healthy males (18-61 yr) were analyzed for KLRG1, CD57, CD28, CD45RA, CD45RO surface expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells by 4-color flow cytometry. Advancing age (yr) was positively associated with the proportion (%) of senescent (KLRG1+/CD57+; KLRG1+/CD28-) CD4+ (B=1.00; 1.02) and CD8+ (B=0.429; 1.02) T-cells and inversely associated with naïve (KLRG1-/CD28+) CD4+ (B=-1.000) and CD8+ (B=-0.993) T-cells. VO(2max) was inversely associated with senescent CD4+ (B=-0.97) and CD8+ (B=-0.240). Strikingly, age was no longer associated with the proportions of senescent or naïve T-cells after adjusting for VO(2max), while the association between VO(2max) and these T-cell subsets withstood adjustment for age, BMI and percentage body fat. Ranking participants by age-adjusted VO(2max) revealed that the highest tertile had 17% more naïve CD8+ T-cells and 57% and 37% less senescent CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, respectively, compared to the lowest tertile. VO(2max) was not associated with latent cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection, indicating that the moderating associations of VO(2max) were not confounded by persistent viral infections. This is the first study to show that aerobic fitness is associated with a lower age-related accumulation of senescent T-cells, highlighting the beneficial effects of maintaining a physically active lifestyle on the aging immune system.

Spielmann G ，McFarlin BK ，O'Connor DP ，Smith PJ ，Pircher H ，Simpson RJ ... -  《-》

The Effects of Age and Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection on NK-Cell Phenotype and Exercise Responsiveness in Man.

Bigley AB ，Spielmann G ，Agha N ，Simpson RJ ... -  《-》

High-intensity exercise elicits the mobilization of senescent T lymphocytes into the peripheral blood compartment in human subjects.

Simpson RJ ，Florida-James GD ，Cosgrove C ，Whyte GP ，Macrae S ，Pircher H ，Guy K ... -  《-》