Fabrication of polyphenol biosensor based on laccase immobilized on copper nanoparticles/chitosan/multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polyaniline-modified gold electrode.

A high-performance amperometric polyphenol biosensor was developed, based on covalent immobilization of Ganoderma sp. laccase onto copper nanoparticles (CuNP's)/chitosan (CHIT)/carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (cMWCNT)/polyaniline (PANI)-modified gold (Au) electrode. The CuNP's and cMWCNT had a synergistic electrocatalytic effect in the matrix of CHIT. The biosensor showed optimum response at pH 6.0 (0.1 M acetate buffer) and 35°C, when operated at 50 mVs(-1). The biosensor exhibited excellent sensitivity (the detection limit was down to 0.156 μM for guaiacol), fast response time (less than 4s) and wide linear range (from 1 to 500 μM). Analytical recovery of added guaiacol was 96.40-98.46%. Within batch and between batch coefficients of variation were <2.6% and <5.3%, respectively. The enzyme electrode was used 300 times over a period of 7 months, when stored at 4°C.

Chawla S ，Rawal R ，Pundir CS 《-》

Polyphenol biosensor based on laccase immobilized onto silver nanoparticles/multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyaniline gold electrode.

Laccase purified from Ganoderma sp. was immobilized covalently onto electrochemically deposited silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (cMWCNT)/polyaniline (PANI) layer on the surface of gold (Au) electrode. A polyphenol biosensor was fabricated using this enzyme electrode (laccase/AgNPs/cMWCNT/PANI/Au electrode) as the working electrode, Ag/AgCl as the reference electrode, and platinum (Pt) wire as the auxiliary electrode connected through a potentiostat. The biosensor showed optimal response at pH 5.5 (0.1 M acetate buffer) and 35°C when operated at a scan rate of 50 mV s(-1). Linear range, response time, and detection limit were 0.1-500 μM, 6 s, and 0.1 μM, respectively. The sensor was employed for the determination of total phenolic content in tea, alcoholic beverages, and pharmaceutical formulations. The enzyme electrode was used 200 times over a period of 4 months when stored at 4°C. The biosensor has an advantage over earlier enzyme sensors in that it has no leakage of enzyme during reuse and is unaffected by the external environment due to the protective PANI microenvironment.

Rawal R ，Chawla S ，Pundir CS 《-》

An amperometric biosensor based on laccase immobilized onto MnO2NPs/cMWCNT/PANI modified Au electrode.

A method is described for construction of an amperometric biosensor for detection of phenolic compounds based on covalent immobilization of laccase (Lac) onto manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO(2)NPs) decorated carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (cMWCNTs)/PANI composite electrodeposited onto a gold (Au) electrode through N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS) chemistry. The modified electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The biosensor showed optimum response at pH 5.5 (0.1M sodium acetate buffer) and 35°C, when operated at 0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Linear range, response time, detection limit were 0.1-10 μM (lower concentration range) and 10-500 μM (higher concentration range), 4s and 0.04 μM, respectively. Biosensor measured total phenolic content in tea leaves extract. The enzyme electrode was used 150 times over a period of 5 months.

Rawal R ，Chawla S ，Malik P ，Pundir CS ... -  《-》

An amperometric biosensor based on laccase immobilized onto Fe₃O₄NPs/cMWCNT/PANI/Au electrode for determination of phenolic content in tea leaves extract.

A method is described for the construction of an amperometric biosensor for detection of phenolic compounds based on covalent immobilization of laccase onto iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄NPs) decorated carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (cMWCNTs)/polyaniline (PANI) composite electrodeposited onto a gold (Au) electrode. The modified electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The biosensor showed optimum response within 3s at pH 6.0 (0.1 M sodium acetate buffer) and 35°C, when operated at 0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Linear range, detection limit were 0.1-10 μM (lower concentration range) and 10-500 μM (higher concentration range), and 0.03 μM respectively. The sensor measured total phenolic content in tea leaves extract. The enzyme electrode lost 25% of its initial activity after its 150 uses over a period of 4 months, when stored at 4°C.

Rawal R ，Chawla S ，Devender ，Pundir CS ... -  《-》

Construction of amperometric uric acid biosensor based on uricase immobilized on PBNPs/cMWCNT/PANI/Au composite.

A chitosan-glutaraldehyde crosslinked uricase was immobilized onto Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) absorbed onto carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (c-MWCNT) and polyaniline (PANI) layer, electrochemically deposited on the surface of Au electrode. The nanohybrid-uricase electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopic (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and cyclic voltammetry. An amperometric uric acid biosensor was fabricated using uricase/c-MWCNT/PBNPs/Au electrode as working electrode, Ag/AgCl as standard and Pt wire as auxiliary electrode connected through a potentiostat. The biosensor showed optimum response within 4s at pH 7.5 and 40°C, when operated at 0.4V vs. Ag/AgCl. The linear working range for uric acid was 0.005-0.8 mM, with a detection limit of 5 μM. The sensor was evaluated with 96% recovery of added uric acid in sera and 4.6 and 5.4% within and between batch of coefficient of variation respectively and a good correlation (r=0.99) with standard enzymic colorimetric method. This sensor measured uric acid in real serum samples. The sensor lost only 37% of its initial activity after its 400 uses over a period of 7 months, when stored at 4°C.

Rawal R ，Chawla S ，Chauhan N ，Dahiya T ，Pundir CS ... -  《-》