Objective assessment of technical skill.

Objective assessment of technical skill is an important component of skills training: trainees require that deficiencies are clearly and objectively identified if a model of deliberate practice with feedback on skill acquisition is to be employed. There are several types of reliable and valid assessments for technical skill currently available.

MacRae HM 《SURGEON-JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL COLLEGES OF SURGEONS OF EDINBURGH AND IRELAND》

Perspectives on performance assessment in medical simulation.

The work upon which this paper is based was supported by an award to Massachusetts General Hospital - CIMIT from the US Department of Defense. The opinions expressed herein are the sole responsibility of the author and do not represent the policy of the US Department of Defense.

Dawson S 《SURGEON-JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL COLLEGES OF SURGEONS OF EDINBURGH AND IRELAND》

Objective assessment, selection, and certification in surgery.

Historically, surgical competence has been evaluated subjectively. Fundamental changes in surgical technology and training have focused attention on the use of objective measurement of performance to improve patient safety and reduce errors. Surgical performance can be measured using a variety of tools, both in the clinical and simulated environments. Objective assessments can play a role in training by improving the evaluation and feedback. At the end of training or when a new skill is acquired, objective assessments may be used to ensure that a proficiency level has been reached and potentially as a condition for independent practice. When assessments are used for high-stakes evaluations like certification, they must be demonstrably reliable and valid. The definition of assessment, and the necessary components of a valid instrument, will be summarized. An overview of practical applications of objective assessment as it applies to training, selection, and certification of surgeons will be presented.

Vassiliou MC ，Feldman LS 《-》

Technical competence in surgeons.

In this paper, we review the literature to date on technical competence in surgeons; how it can be defined, taught to trainees and assessed. We also examine how we can predict which candidates for surgical training will most likely develop technical competence. While technical competency is just one aspect of what makes a good surgeon, we have recognized a need to review the literature in this area and to combine this with broader definitions of competency. Our review found that several methods are available to objectively measure, assess and predict technical competence and should be used in surgical training.

Faurie C ，Khadra M 《-》

Training and assessment of technical skills and competency in cardiac surgery.

The assessment of surgical competency has become a priority for both surgical educators and licensing boards. Surgical educators must incorporate rigorous, reliable, and valid means of assessment into residency programs. Objective evaluation of technical skills has been extensively explored in various surgical specialties, but its role in cardiac surgery has not been well studied and there is limited experience with integration into the educational curricula. Several cardiac and vascular surgery simulation models have been designed and evaluated, ranging from simple low-fidelity models using inert materials to a complex, computer-controlled, high-fidelity simulator using biological tissues to practice entire surgical cases. Most of the available models have not been well validated or integrated into educational curricula. The cardiac surgery simulation tools in development need validation and incorporation into structured, competency-based training curricula. The ongoing development of surgical simulators and educational curricula will enable a transition from the century-old graded responsibility training program to a competency-based program, where trainees must demonstrate technical competence to progress to the next level of training and gain certification and re-certification--ultimately ensuring better and faster technical skill acquisition as well as improved quality of care and patient safety.

Lodge D ，Grantcharov T 《-》