Anti-amnesic effect of ESP-102 on Aβ(1-42)-induced memory impairment in mice.

The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of ESP-102 on the memory impairments and pathological changes induced by amyloid-β (Aβ)(1-42) peptide in mice. The ameliorating effect of ESP-102 on memory impairment was investigated using the passive avoidance and the Morris water maze tasks, and the pathological changes were identified by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Aβ(1-42) peptide (3μg/3μl) was administered by intracerebroventricular injection. By the single administration of ESP-102 (100mg/kg, p.o), the memory impairment induced by Aβ(1-42) peptide was significantly attenuated (P<0.05). Moreover, ESP-102 (100mg/kg, p.o) significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the hippocampus compared to the Aβ(1-42) peptide-injected control group. In the subchronic treatment study, ESP-102 (50 or 100mg/kg/day, p.o) administration for seven days ameliorated the memory impairments induced by Aβ(1-42) peptide. Moreover, ESP-102 inhibited lipid peroxidation induced by Aβ(1-42) peptide in the hippocampus. Aβ(1-42)-induced increases in the expression of GFAP (an astrocyte marker) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the hippocampal region were also attenuated by ESP-102 treatment. These results suggest that the ameliorating effect of ESP-102 on Aβ(1-42) peptide-induced memory impairment is mediated via its AChE inhibitory, antioxidative, and/or anti-inflammatory activities.

Kim DH ，Jung WY ，Park SJ ，Kim JM ，Lee S ，Kim YC ，Ryu JH ... -  《-》

The effects of acute and repeated oroxylin A treatments on Abeta(25-35)-induced memory impairment in mice.

Kim DH ，Kim S ，Jeon SJ ，Son KH ，Lee S ，Yoon BH ，Cheong JH ，Ko KH ，Ryu JH ... -  《NEUROPHARMACOLOGY》

The memory ameliorating effects of INM-176, an ethanolic extract of Angelica gigas, against scopolamine- or Aβ(1-42)-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice.

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive impairment and cholinergic neuronal death. INM-176 is a standardized ethanolic extract of Angelica gigas Nakai that has been traditionally used in herbal medicine in China, Japan, and Korea to treat anemia or as a sedative. We investigated whether INM-176 exhibits anti-amnesic effects. Memory impairment was induced by scopolamine, a cholinergic muscarinic receptor antagonist, or amyloid β(1-42) (Aβ(1-42)) protein. Anti-amnesic effects of INM-176 were measured by the passive avoidance and the Morris water maze tasks in mice. We also examined the effect of INM-176 on the acetylcholinesterase activity, as well as Aβ(1-42) protein-induced astrogliosis or cholinergic neuronal loss in the brain. Scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction was significantly attenuated by a single or sub-chronic administration of INM-176 in the passive avoidance and the Morris water maze tasks. A single or sub-chronic administration of INM-176 also ameliorated memory impairments induced by Aβ(1-42) protein. INM-176 inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampal tissue in vitro and ex vivo. In addition, INM-176 attenuated the Aβ(1-42) protein-induced astrocyte activation in the hippocampus as well as cholinergic neuronal damage in the CA3 region of the hippocampus and the nucleus basalis of Meynert. These results suggest that the memory ameliorating effects of INM-176 on scopolamine- or Aβ(1-42) protein-induced memory impairment are mediated, in part, via acetylcholinesterase inhibition and neuroprotective activities.

Park SJ ，Jung JM ，Lee HE ，Lee YW ，Kim DH ，Kim JM ，Hong JG ，Lee CH ，Jung IH ，Cho YB ，Jang DS ，Ryu JH ... -  《-》

ESP-102, a standardized combined extract of Angelica gigas, Saururus chinensis and Schizandra chinensis, significantly improved scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.

Kang SY ，Lee KY ，Koo KA ，Yoon JS ，Lim SW ，Kim YC ，Sung SH ... -  《LIFE SCIENCES》

Silibinin attenuates amyloid beta(25-35) peptide-induced memory impairments: implication of inducible nitric-oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in mice.

Lu P ，Mamiya T ，Lu LL ，Mouri A ，Niwa M ，Hiramatsu M ，Zou LB ，Nagai T ，Ikejima T ，Nabeshima T ... -  《-》