Contraception-related deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in a 17-Year-old girl heterozygous for factor V leiden, prothrombin G20210A mutation, MTHFR C677T and homozygous for PAI-1 mutation: report of a family with multiple genetic risk factors

We present the case of a 17-year-old girl who suddenly woke up with localized pain in the left groin and the inability to twist her leg. After comprehensive physician and laboratory examinations, deep venous thrombosis with consequent pulmonary embolism was ascertained. She had not experienced any recent trauma, but she had started to take oral contraceptives 6 months prior to the onset of the symptoms. Her parents and sisters had been asymptomatic throughout their lives, but the family history revealed a few thromboembolic accidents. Using DNA analysis, heterozygosity for factor V Leiden, prothrombin gene mutation G20210A and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T, as well as the homozygous 4G/4G genotype in the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 were identified in our patient. Subsequently, DNA analysis was performed in all living family members, and multiple factors associated with thrombophilia were discovered. Our case confirms the multifactorial cause of thromboembolic events and emphasizes the importance of oral contraceptive use in the onset of venous thrombosis, especially in teenage females. In addition, this case indicates that teenage females with a family history of thrombosis who are making choices about contraception could most likely benefit from advanced thrombophilia testing.

Lenicek Krleza J ，Jakovljevic G ，Bronic A ，Coen Herak D ，Bonevski A ，Stepan-Giljevic J ，Roic G ... -  《-》

Combined genetic mutations have remarkable effect on deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism occurence.

Although deep vein thrombosis and thromboembolic diseases differ among various races, they are still important in our day. The difficulties in treatment and following-up of these diseases are caused by secret genetic mutations rather than predisposing factors. Between January 2011 and May 2013, patients who were traced for deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism were evaluated retrospectively. 84 patients (53.6% males and 46.4% females) were included in the study. Their family histories, predisposing factors and treatments were researched. Factor V Leiden (G 1691A), Factor II G20210A, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-Type 1 (4G/5G), and Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase (C677T, A1298C) mutations were investigated from peripheral venous blood. Among the genetic mutations we searched, the incidence of single mutation rate was observed at 11.9%, double mutation collocation at 44%, triple mutation collocation at 29.8%, quadruple mutation collocation at 13.1%, and finally, quintuplet mutation collocation at 1.2%. Our approximate mutation number was found as 2.47 ± 0.91. We observed that multiple mutations were high in number compared to single genetic mutations. The patients who have multiple mutations should be more in the front line considering their diagnosis, treatment and following up, and also in terms of decreasing mortality, morbidity and recurrence.

Simsek E ，Yesilyurt A ，Pinarli F ，Eyerci N ，Ulus AT ... -  《-》

Molecular analysis of factor V Leiden, factor V Hong Kong, factor II G20210A, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T, and A1298C mutations related to Turkish thrombosis patients.

Dölek B ，Eraslan S ，Eroğlu S ，Kesim BE ，Ulutin T ，Yalçiner A ，Laleli YR ，Gözükirmizi N ... -  《CLINICAL AND APPLIED THROMBOSIS-HEMOSTASIS》

Combined effect of factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210A on the risk of venous thromboembolism--pooled analysis of 8 case-control studies including 2310 cases and 3204 controls. Study Group for Pooled-Analysis in Venous Thromboembolism.

Emmerich J ，Rosendaal FR ，Cattaneo M ，Margaglione M ，De Stefano V ，Cumming T ，Arruda V ，Hillarp A ，Reny JL ... -  《THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS》

Massive pulmonary embolism associated with Factor V Leiden, prothrombin, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutations in a young patient on oral contraceptive pills: a case report.

Charafeddine KM ，Mahfouz RA ，Ibrahim GY ，Taher AT ，Hoballah JJ ，Taha AM ... -  《-》