Risk factors for carcinoma of the fallopian tube in women with and without a germline BRCA mutation.

The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for fallopian tube cancer in women with and without a BRCA mutation. Subjects with fallopian tube cancer were identified from two sources: 1) a large international registry of women who carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation (n=56), and; 2) a population-based study of ovarian and fallopian tube cancer conducted in Ontario, Canada (n=66). BRCA mutation status was established for all subjects. Each subject was matched to one or more unaffected controls, for date of birth (within four years), for BRCA mutation status (negative, BRCA1, and BRCA2), for country of residence and for past history of breast cancer (yes/no). All subjects completed a questionnaire about medical history and lifestyle factors. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for parity, oral contraceptive use, tubal ligation, hormone replacement therapy and body mass index, using conditional logistic regression. We studied 103 women with fallopian tube cancer (48 with a BRCA1 mutation, 12 with a BRCA2 mutation and 43 with no identified BRCA mutation) and 980 matched controls. Increasing parity was associated with a decreased risk of fallopian tube cancer in non-carriers (trend per birth odds ratio 0.71 (95% CI 0.52-0.97), p=0.03), in BRCA1 carriers (OR=0.79 (0.62-1.02) p=0.07) and in BRCA2 carriers (OR=0.62 (0.34-1.15), p=0.13), but was statistically significant only for non-carriers. Oral contraceptive use was associated with a reduced risk in BRCA1 carriers (trend per year of use odds ratio=0.91 (0.83-0.99), p=0.03) but not for non-carriers (OR=0.97 (0.87-1.09), p=0.64) or for BRCA2 carriers (OR=0.94 (0.80-1.11), p=0.47). Hormone replacement therapy was associated with an increased risk for fallopian tube cancer in all subjects (OR=1.07 (1.01-1.13), p=0.03), and in the subgroups stratified by mutation, however the association was not significant in the subgroups. Tubal ligation was associated with a decreased risk of fallopian tube cancer for all subjects (OR=0.64 (0.31-1.28), p=0.21), however the reduction was not significant. Parity and oral contraceptive use are associated with reduced risks of fallopian tube cancer. In contrast, hormone replacement therapy may be associated with an increase in the risk of fallopian tube cancer.

Vicus D ，Finch A ，Rosen B ，Fan I ，Bradley L ，Cass I ，Sun P ，Karlan B ，McLaughlin J ，Narod SA ，Hereditary Ovarian Cancer Clinical Study Group ... -  《-》

Breast-feeding and the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.

Jernström H ，Lubinski J ，Lynch HT ，Ghadirian P ，Neuhausen S ，Isaacs C ，Weber BL ，Horsman D ，Rosen B ，Foulkes WD ，Friedman E ，Gershoni-Baruch R ，Ainsworth P ，Daly M ，Garber J ，Olsson H ，Sun P ，Narod SA ... -  《-》

Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of ovarian cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.

Kotsopoulos J ，Lubinski J ，Neuhausen SL ，Lynch HT ，Rosen B ，Ainsworth P ，Moller P ，Ghadirian P ，Isaacs C ，Karlan B ，Sun P ，Narod SA ... -  《GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY》

Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germ line mutations among women with carcinoma of the fallopian tube.

The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations among a large series of women with carcinoma of the fallopian tube. Two series of women diagnosed with carcinoma of the fallopian tube were studied. Women identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry who were diagnosed with fallopian tube cancer between 1990 and 1998 and between 2002 and 2004. A second, hospital-based series was identified at Cedars Sinai Medical Centre, Los Angeles, California. These women were diagnosed between 1991 and 2007. Each subject was approached to provide her family history and ethnic background and to provide a blood sample for genetic testing for mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. In total, 108 patients with fallopian tube cancer were recruited (70 from Ontario and 38 from Los Angeles). Thirty-three patients (30.6%) were found to have a deleterious mutation; 23 in BRCA1 (21.3%) and 10 in BRCA2 (9.3%). The prevalence of mutations was 55.6% in Jewish women and was 26.4% in non-Jewish women. A family history of ovarian or breast cancer was positive for 24 women (23.3%); of these, 14 had a mutation (58.3%). Fourteen (14.4%) of the patients had a previous history of breast cancer; of these, 10 (71.4%) had a mutation. 40.3% of the women who were diagnosed with fallopian tube cancer before age 60 had a mutation, compared with 17.4% of the women diagnosed at age 60 and above. Approximately 30% of women with fallopian tube cancer have a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2. The highest frequencies of BRCA mutations were seen in women with fallopian tube cancer diagnosed under age 60, in Jewish women, in women with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer, and in women with a personal history of breast cancer. All patients diagnosed with invasive fallopian tube cancer should be considered candidates for genetic testing.

Vicus D ，Finch A ，Cass I ，Rosen B ，Murphy J ，Fan I ，Royer R ，McLaughlin J ，Karlan B ，Narod SA ... -  《-》

BRCA-mutation-associated fallopian tube carcinoma: a distinct clinical phenotype?

Cass I ，Holschneider C ，Datta N ，Barbuto D ，Walts AE ，Karlan BY ... -  《OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY》