Sleep deprivation attenuates experimental stroke severity in rats.

Indirect epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest that the severity of injury during stroke is influenced by prior sleep history. The aim of our study was to test the effect of acute sleep deprivation on early outcome following experimental stroke. Young male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=20) were subjected to focal cerebral ischemia by reversible right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 90 min. In 10 rats, MCAO was performed just after 6-h of total sleep deprivation (TSD) by "gentle handling", whereas the other rats served as controls. Neurological function during the first week after stroke was monitored using a battery of behavioral tests investigating the asymmetry of sensorimotor deficit (tape removal test and cylinder test), bilateral sensorimotor coordination (rotor-rod and Inclined plane) and memory (T-maze and radial maze). Following MCAO, control rats had impaired behavioral performance in all tests. The largest impairment was noted in the tape test where the tape removal time from the left forelimb (contralateral to MCAO) was increased by approximately 10 fold (p<0.01). In contrast, rats subjected to TSD had complete recovery of sensorimotor performance consistent with a 2.5 fold smaller infarct volume and reduced morphological signs of neuronal injury at day 7 after MCAO. Our data suggest that brief TSD induces a neuroprotective response that limits the severity of a subsequent stroke, similar to rapid ischemic preconditioning.

Moldovan M ，Constantinescu AO ，Balseanu A ，Oprescu N ，Zagrean L ，Popa-Wagner A ... -  《-》

Human umbilical cord blood cells do not improve sensorimotor or cognitive outcome following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

Mäkinen S ，Kekarainen T ，Nystedt J ，Liimatainen T ，Huhtala T ，Närvänen A ，Laine J ，Jolkkonen J ... -  《BRAIN RESEARCH》

Sleep deprivation before stroke is neuroprotective: a pre-ischemic conditioning related to sleep rebound.

We have previously shown in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia that sleep deprivation after stroke onset aggravates brain damage. Others reported that sleep deprivation prior to stroke is neuroprotective. The main aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the neuroprotection may be related to an increase in sleep (sleep rebound) during the acute phase of stroke. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n=36) were subjected to continuous polygraphic recordings for baseline, total sleep deprivation (TSD), and 24h after ischemia. TSD for 6h was performed by gentle handling and immediately followed by ischemia. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by permanent occlusion of distal branches of the middle cerebral artery. Control experiments included ischemia without SD (nSD) and sham surgery with TSD (n=6/group). Shortly after stroke, the amount of slow wave sleep (SWS) and paradoxical sleep (PS) increased significantly (p<0.05) in the TSD/ischemia, resulting in an increase in the total sleep time by 30% compared to baseline, or by 20% compared with the nSD/ischemia group. The infarct volume decreased significantly by 50% in the TSD/ischemia compared to nSD group (p<0.02). Removal of sleep rebound by allowing TSD-rats sleep for 24h before ischemia eliminated the reduction in the infarct size. Sleep deprivation results in sleep rebound and reduces brain damage. Sleep rebound may be causally related to the neuroprotection.

Cam E ，Gao B ，Imbach L ，Hodor A ，Bassetti CL ... -  《-》

Human neural stem cells improve sensorimotor deficits in the adult rat brain with experimental focal ischemia.

Chu K ，Kim M ，Park KI ，Jeong SW ，Park HK ，Jung KH ，Lee ST ，Kang L ，Lee K ，Park DK ，Kim SU ，Roh JK ... -  《BRAIN RESEARCH》

Improved sensorimotor function by rolipram following focal cerebral ischemia in rats.

Hätinen S ，Sairanen M ，Sirviö J ，Jolkkonen J ... -  《RESTORATIVE NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE》