Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory cardiogenic shock after cardiac surgery: predictors of early mortality and outcome from 51 adult patients.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) offers temporary haemodynamic support for those with refractory cardiogenic shock after cardiac surgery. We review our 5-year experience regarding ECMO use on those who cannot be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass after cardiac surgery. We analyse our cases, predict the prognostic factors of survival and compare the short-term and medium-term results. From January 2002 to December 2006, 1764 patients underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in our division. Among these, 51 patients (2.9%) required venoarterial-mode ECMO for haemodynamic support because of refractory postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock. The indication of ECMO was refractory cardiogenic shock despite adequate filling volumes, large-dose inotropes and intra-aortic balloon pump support. The following cardiac surgical procedures were performed: coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), n=27; valvular surgery, n=11; CABG plus valvular surgery, n=7; heart transplantation, n=4 and other procedures, n=2. Average age was 63.0+/-15.7 years. There were 36 male and 15 female patients. Average duration of ECMO was 7.5+/-6.7 days. Twenty-seven (53%) patients could be successfully weaned from ECMO. The 30-day and 3-month mortalities were 49% (25/51) and 65% (33/51). The in-hospital mortality was 67% (34/51 patients). Seventeen (33%) patients could be successfully discharged. Fifteen (29%) patients were still alive at 1-year outpatient department (OPD) follow-up. ECMO provides a good temporary cardiopulmonary support in patients with postcardiotomy shock. The preoperative risk factors of failure to withdraw ECMO are poor left-ventricular ejection fraction, systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg and refractory severe metabolic acidosis. The peri-ECMO predictors of mortality include low serum albumin level, low platelet count, low oxygen pressure of the venous tube of the ECMO and poor cardiac systolic function.

Hsu PS ，Chen JL ，Hong GJ ，Tsai YT ，Lin CY ，Lee CY ，Chen YG ，Tsai CS ... -  《-》

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for treatment of cardiogenic shock: clinical experiences in 45 adult patients.

Bakhtiary F ，Keller H ，Dogan S ，Dzemali O ，Oezaslan F ，Meininger D ，Ackermann H ，Zwissler B ，Kleine P ，Moritz A ... -  《-》

Early and intermediate results of rescue extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adult cardiogenic shock.

Wang J ，Han J ，Jia Y ，Zeng W ，Shi J ，Hou X ，Meng X ... -  《-》

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in refractory cardiogenic shock: treatment strategies and analysis of risk factors.

Loforte A ，Marinelli G ，Musumeci F ，Folesani G ，Pilato E ，Martin Suarez S ，Montalto A ，Lilla Della Monica P ，Grigioni F ，Frascaroli G ，Menichetti A ，Di Bartolomeo R ，Arpesella G ... -  《-》

Clinical outcomes in patients after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock: a single-centre experience of 92 cases.

Post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock is a major concern in cardiac surgery. We reviewed our experience of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as temporary circulatory support in post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock. Between January 2005 and December 2014, adult patients implanted with ECMO after cardiac surgical procedures were included. Indications for ECMO were failure to be withdrawn from cardiopulmonary bypass or refractory cardiogenic shock occurring during postoperative Days 1 and 2. Patients' characteristics and outcomes were prospectively collected in a local ECMO database. Ninety-two patients, median age of 63 years (17-83 years), were supported by ECMO following valvular surgery (66%), acute aortic dissection (10%) and coronary artery bypass grafting (9%). A total of 37% were combined surgical procedures, 24% were redo procedures and 33% were emergent procedures. The median duration of ECMO support was 6 days (1-28 days). The weaning rate from mechanical support was 48%. Overall 1-month and 6-month survival rates were, respectively, 42% and 39%. Survivors were younger (57 vs 63 years old, P = 0.02) and had a higher preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (52.5 vs 44.1%, P = 0.017). There was a trend for lower serum creatinine levels and total bilirubin rates in the survivors' group 24 h after initiation of ECMO (respectively, 162 vs 212 µmol/l, P = 0.06; 25.3 vs 54.2 mg/dl, P = 0.08). Valvular surgery and peak lactic acid serum level were associated with poor outcomes. The mean health-related quality of life EuroQoL scale was 68 ± 16/100 at 2 years. Refractory cardiogenic shock requiring ECMO was most frequently observed after redo valvular surgery in the present study. The overall 6-month survival rate was 39% after ECMO support for post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock with acceptable health-related quality of life. Improved kidney and liver functions after 24 h of support were associated with favourable outcomes.

Guihaire J ，Dang Van S ，Rouze S ，Rosier S ，Roisne A ，Langanay T ，Corbineau H ，Verhoye JP ，Flécher E ... -  《-》