Differences in cardiovascular mortality in smokers, past-smokers and non-smokers: findings from the FRENA registry.

The influence of smoking on outcome in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is controversial. Even less is known about its influence in patients with cerebrovascular (CVD), or peripheral artery (PAD) disease. FRENA is an ongoing, observational registry of consecutive outpatients with symptomatic CAD, CVD, or PAD. We reviewed their cardiovascular mortality according to smoking status. As of May 2008, 2501 patients had been enrolled in FRENA. Of these, 439 (18%) were current smokers, 1086 (43%) past-smokers, 976 (39%) had never smoked. Current- and past-smokers were 10 years younger, more often males, and more likely to have chronic lung disease, but had diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, or renal insufficiency less often than non-smokers. Over a mean follow-up of 14 months, 123 patients died (cardiovascular death, 68). On univariate analysis, current smokers had a significantly lower rate of cardiovascular death: 1.1 (95% CI: 0.4-2.4) per 100 patient-years in current smokers; 1.9 (95% CI: 1.2-2.8) in past-smokers; 3.5 (95% CI: 2.5-4.7) in non-smokers, with no differences between patients with CAD, CVD or PAD. Mean age at cardiovascular death was 82+/-6.4; 70+/-9.9 and 67+/-15 years, respectively. On multivariate analysis, smoking status was not independently associated with a lower risk for cardiovascular death. Current and past-smokers with CAD, CVD or PAD had a less than half cardiovascular mortality than those who never smoked, but this may be explained by the confounding effect of additional variables. They died over 10 years younger than non-smokers.

Suriñach JM ，Alvarez LR ，Coll R ，Carmona JA ，Sanclemente C ，Aguilar E ，Monreal M ，FRENA Investigators ... -  《-》

Body mass index and outcome in patients with coronary, cerebrovascular, or peripheral artery disease: findings from the FRENA registry.

Barba R ，Bisbe J ，Pedrajas JN ，Toril J ，Monte R ，Muñoz-Torrero JF ，Monreal M ，FRENA Investigators ... -  《-》

Clinical outcome in patients with peripheral artery disease. Results from a prospective registry (FRENA).

Monreal M ，Alvarez L ，Vilaseca B ，Coll R ，Suárez C ，Toril J ，Sanclemente C ，FRENA Investigators ... -  《-》

Smoking cessation and outcome in stable outpatients with coronary, cerebrovascular, or peripheral artery disease.

Alvarez LR ，Balibrea JM ，Suriñach JM ，Coll R ，Pascual MT ，Toril J ，López-Jiménez L ，Monreal M ，FRENA Investigators ... -  《-》

Cardiovascular event rates in patients with cerebrovascular disease and atherothrombosis at other vascular locations: results from 1-year outcomes in the Japanese REACH Registry.

Uchiyama S ，Goto S ，Matsumoto M ，Nagai R ，Origasa H ，Yamazaki T ，Shigematsu H ，Shimada K ，Yamada N ，Bhatt DL ，Steg PG ，Ikeda Y ，REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health Registry Investigators ... -  《-》