Reduced exposure to calcineurin inhibitors in renal transplantation.

Immunosuppressive regimens with the fewest possible toxic effects are desirable for transplant recipients. This study evaluated the efficacy and relative toxic effects of four immunosuppressive regimens. We randomly assigned 1645 renal-transplant recipients to receive standard-dose cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids, or daclizumab induction, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids in combination with low-dose cyclosporine, low-dose tacrolimus, or low-dose sirolimus. The primary end point was the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula, 12 months after transplantation. Secondary end points included acute rejection and allograft survival. The mean calculated GFR was higher in patients receiving low-dose tacrolimus (65.4 ml per minute) than in the other three groups (range, 56.7 to 59.4 ml per minute). The rate of biopsy-proven acute rejection was lower in patients receiving low-dose tacrolimus (12.3%) than in those receiving standard-dose cyclosporine (25.8%), low-dose cyclosporine (24.0%), or low-dose sirolimus (37.2%). Allograft survival differed significantly among the four groups (P=0.02) and was highest in the low-dose tacrolimus group (94.2%), followed by the low-dose cyclosporine group (93.1%), the standard-dose cyclosporine group (89.3%), and the low-dose sirolimus group (89.3%). Serious adverse events were more common in the low-dose sirolimus group than in the other groups (53.2% vs. a range of 43.4 to 44.3%), although a similar proportion of patients in each group had at least one adverse event during treatment (86.3 to 90.5%). A regimen of daclizumab, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids in combination with low-dose tacrolimus may be advantageous for renal function, allograft survival, and acute rejection rates, as compared with regimens containing daclizumab induction plus either low-dose cyclosporine or low-dose sirolimus or with standard-dose cyclosporine without induction. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00231764 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).

Ekberg H ，Tedesco-Silva H ，Demirbas A ，Vítko S ，Nashan B ，Gürkan A ，Margreiter R ，Hugo C ，Grinyó JM ，Frei U ，Vanrenterghem Y ，Daloze P ，Halloran PF ，ELITE-Symphony Study ... -  《-》

A multicenter, open-label, comparative trial of two daclizumab dosing strategies vs. no antibody induction in combination with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids for the prevention of acute rejection in simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplant

Stratta RJ ，Alloway RR ，Hodge E ，Lo A ，Pancreas Investigators Vital Outcomes Trial (PIVOT) Study Group ... -  《CLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION》

Decreased acute rejection and improved renal allograft survival using sirolimus and low-dose calcineurin inhibitors without induction therapy.

Tsai MK ，Wu FL ，Lai IR ，Lee CY ，Hu RH ，Lee PH ... -  《INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL ORGANS》

Long-term kidney allograft function and survival in prednisone-free regimens: tacrolimus/mycophenolate mofetil versus tacrolimus/sirolimus.

Chhabra D ，Skaro AI ，Leventhal JR ，Dalal P ，Shah G ，Wang E ，Gallon L ... -  《-》

Cyclosporine, tacrolimus and sirolimus retain their distinct toxicity profiles despite low doses in the Symphony study.

Ekberg H ，Bernasconi C ，Nöldeke J ，Yussim A ，Mjörnstedt L ，Erken U ，Ketteler M ，Navrátil P ... -  《-》