Effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Two groups of rats were used to examine the effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, on rat hearts using an in vivo model of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) to elucidate potential mechanisms. One group was the 30-min reperfusion group, which was further subdivided into sham (n=5), vehicle (n=6) and pioglitazone (3 mg x kg(-1), n=7) treatment groups with 30 min ischemia followed by 30 min reperfusion to detect data related to cardiac function and the area of myocardial infarction. The other group was the 120-min reperfusion group, subdivided into sham (n=5), vehicle (n=6), and pioglitazone 0.3 mg x kg(-1) (n=6), 1 mg x kg(-1) (n=7) and 3 mg x kg(-1) (n=6) treatment groups. Immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis were performed to detect apoptosis and expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase 3, MMP-2 and PPARgamma protein, and MMP-2 and PPARgamma mRNA. We found that, after acute treatment with pioglitazone, the ratio of necrosis to area at risk decreased by 28% (p<0.01) and that of necrosis to left ventricle was reduced by 32% (p<0.01), compared with the vehicle group. Heart rate and +dp/dt(max), representing the cardiac systolic function, as well as -dp/dt(max), the indicator of cardiac diastolic function, improved significantly at 1 and 30 min after reperfusion (p<0.05-0.01). Furthermore, myocardial apoptosis was significantly suppressed by acute treatment with pioglitazone as evidenced by the decreased number of TUNEL-positive myocytes and DNA ladder, enhanced Bcl-2 protein expression, reduced Bax and caspase 3 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner compared with vehicle-treated rats. In addition, acute treatment with pioglitazone dose-dependently increased PPARgamma expression and decreased MMP-2 expression at protein and mRNA levels. Our findings demonstrate that a PPARgamma agonist may protect the heart from I/R injury. The protective effect is likely to occur by reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inhibiting MMP-2.

Cao Z ，Ye P ，Long C ，Chen K ，Li X ，Wang H ... -  《PHARMACOLOGY》

[The protective effect of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on postischemic reperfused myocardium and its possible mechanism].

Li YJ ，Ding WH ，Gao W ，Huo Y ，Hong T ，Zhu RY ，Ma DL ... -  《-》

Effect of beta2-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol on ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts and cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide.

Liu P ，Xiang JZ ，Zhao L ，Yang L ，Hu BR ，Fu Q ... -  《-》

Cardiomyocytic apoptosis following global cardiac ischemia and reperfusion can be attenuated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha but not gamma activators.

Yeh CH ，Chen TP ，Lee CH ，Wu YC ，Lin YM ，Lin PJ ... -  《SHOCK》

Downregulation of microRNA-29 by antisense inhibitors and a PPAR-gamma agonist protects against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury.

Ye Y ，Hu Z ，Lin Y ，Zhang C ，Perez-Polo JR ... -  《-》