Molecular analysis and phylogenetic characterization of HIV in Iran.

The rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in Iran has increased dramatically in the last few years. While the earliest cases were found in hemophiliacs, intravenous drug users are now fueling the outbreak. In this study, both the 122 clones of HIV-1 gag p17 and the 131 clones of env V1-V5 region were obtained from 61 HIV-1 seropositives belonging to these two groups in Iran. HIV-1 subtyping and phylogenetic analysis was done by heteroduplex mobility assays (HMA) and multiple clone sequencing. The result indicated all hemophiliacs are infected with HIV-1 subtype B and all intravenous drug users are infected with HIV-1 subtype A. Since intravenous drug abuse is the major transmission route in Iran, HIV-1 subtype A is likely to be the dominant viral subtype circulating in the country. The analysis of genetic distances showed subtype B viruses in Iran to be twice as heterogeneous as the subtype A viruses. In conclusion, this first molecular study of HIV-1 genotypes in Iran suggests two parallel outbreaks in distinct high-risk populations and may offer clues to the origin and spread of infection in Iran.

Sarrami-Forooshani R ，Das SR ，Sabahi F ，Adeli A ，Esmaeili R ，Wahren B ，Mohraz M ，Haji-Abdolbaghi M ，Rasoolinejad M ，Jameel S ，Mahboudi F ... -  《JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY》

Biological and molecular characterization of subtype D, G, and A/D recombinant HIV-1 transmissions in Sweden.

Leitner T ，Escanilla D ，Marquina S ，Wahlberg J ，Broström C ，Hansson HB ，Uhlén M ，Albert J ... -  《VIROLOGY》

Molecular and phylogenetic characterization of HIV variants in Italian primary HIV infections (PHI): identification of non-B subtype variants.

Buonaguro L ，Tagliamonte M ，Tornesello ML ，Ciuffreda D ，Capiluppi B ，Lopalco L ，Lazzarin A ，Tambussi G ，Buonaguro FM ... -  《JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL REGULATORS AND HOMEOSTATIC AGENTS》

Genetic variability of human immunodeficiency virus-1 in Bahia state, Northeast, Brazil: high diversity of HIV genotypes.

The HIV-1 genetic variability in Bahia state, Brazil, was investigated. DNA samples from 229 and 213 HIV-1-infected individuals were analyzed using the heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) in gag and env fragments, respectively. One hundred seventy-five samples were characterized in both genes. Thirty-two subtype F and BF recombinant viruses were sequenced and analyzed by phylogenetic methods. The combination of HMA and sequencing results showed that seven different HIV-1 genotypes comprised this sample: 147 (84%) B/B, 4 (2.3%) F/F, 3 (1.7%) B/F, 1 (0.6%) F/B, 1 (0.6%) F/D, 1 (0.6%) BF/F, and 18 (10.3%) BF/B. A significant divergence was observed between these two techniques results (84.4%). This is explained by the low accuracy of the HMA for detecting recombinant viruses. These recombinants were unrelated to CRF12, while two sequences were related to CRF28 and CRF29. Nineteen BF mosaics shared the same gag breakpoint. In conclusion, the use of HMA may be inappropriate in regions where different subtypes are co-circulating. Subtype B is the most common genotype, however, an increased prevalence (13.1%) of different BF variants and a potentially new CRF suggest that recombination is occurring frequently in Bahia. These viruses were associated with women infected heterosexually. Finally, this study identified the presence of an F/D recombinant HIV-1 in Brazil.

Monteiro JP ，Alcantara LC ，de Oliveira T ，Oliveira AM ，Melo MA ，Brites C ，Galvão-Castro B ... -  《-》

Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 infection and full-length genomic analysis of circulating recombinant form 07_BC strains from injection drug users in Taiwan.

Lin YT ，Lan YC ，Chen YJ ，Huang YH ，Lee CM ，Liu TT ，Wong WW ，Yang JY ，Wang CT ，Chen YM ... -  《-》