Lymphatic vessel density and lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer.

Few data are available examining the significance of prostatic lymphatic vessel density (LVD) to lymph node metastasis in patients with prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of lymphatic vessels in non-carcinomatous prostate tissue, and investigate the relationship between LVD and lymph node status in prostate cancer. LVD, identified by D2-40 immunostaining, was evaluated in non-carcinomatous prostates (n = 7) and prostate cancer (n = 37). The staining pattern of D2-40 was compared with that of another lymphatic vessel marker, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-3, and a blood vessel endothelial marker, CD34, in adjacent sections. The D2-40 antigen, podoplanin, was expressed exclusively in lymphatic vessels within tumor and normal tissue in all specimens. There was no overlap between cell staining for D2-40 and CD34. Peritumoral LVD and peritumoral lymphatic invasion were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. VEGF receptor-3 was expressed in a subset of D2-40+ lymphatic vessels. We have demonstrated that peritumoral lymphatic vessels are likely to serve as major conduits for nodal metastasis in prostate cancer using D2-40 to decorate lymphatic endothelium marker podoplanin. Lack of coexpression of podoplanin and VEGF receptor-3 in some lymphatic vessels suggests the heterogeneity of lymphatic endothelial cells in prostate tissue.

Zeng Y ，Opeskin K ，Horvath LG ，Sutherland RL ，Williams ED ... -  《PROSTATE》

Lymphatic vessel density in pulmonary adenocarcinoma immunohistochemically evaluated with anti-podoplanin or anti-D2-40 antibody is correlated with lymphatic invasion or lymph node metastases.

Adachi Y ，Nakamura H ，Kitamura Y ，Taniguchi Y ，Araki K ，Shomori K ，Horie Y ，Kurozawa Y ，Ito H ，Hayashi K ... -  《PATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL》

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 by lymphatic endothelial cells is associated with lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer.

Zeng Y ，Opeskin K ，Baldwin ME ，Horvath LG ，Achen MG ，Stacker SA ，Sutherland RL ，Williams ED ... -  《CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH》

Lymph and blood vessel architecture in benign and malignant prostatic tissue: lack of lymphangiogenesis in prostate carcinoma assessed with novel lymphatic marker lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor (LYVE-1).

Trojan L ，Michel MS ，Rensch F ，Jackson DG ，Alken P ，Grobholz R ... -  《JOURNAL OF UROLOGY》

Lymphatic vessel densities of lymph node-negative prostate adenocarcinoma in Korea.

Kim HS ，Sung W ，Lee S ，Chang SG ，Park YK ... -  《-》