Removal of intravenous Intralipid in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia during inhibition of cholesterol absorption and synthesis.

While plant stanols are known to upregulate low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, we studied the effects of plant stanol (STA) and sterol (STE) ester spreads on triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) removal in statin-treated patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) using intravenous Intralipid-squalene fat tolerance test. Five patients consumed STA and STE in a randomized, crossover study for 4 weeks. TRL removal was studied at baseline and at the end of both periods. Serum, chylomicron (CM), and very low density lipoprotein lipids, squalene, and plant sterols were measured. LDL cholesterol was decreased by both spreads (15-16%, p<0.05). Plant sterol concentrations were doubled in serum and CM by STE vs. STA. After the injection of Intralipid, CM squalene and sitosterol, but not triglycerides (TG), reached higher peak levels (and area under the incremental curve (AUIC) of squalene) by both spreads than at baseline. Despite different plant sterol concentrations by STE vs. STA, the incremental curves for plant sterols were similar by the spreads. Despite the retarded removal of TRL lipids by STA and STE in the statin-treated subjects with FH, improvement of the fasting lipid profile was suggested important in consideration of combination of cholesterol absorption inhibitor with statins even in FH.

Ketomäki A ，Gylling H ，Miettinen TA 《CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA》

Effects of plant stanol and sterol esters on serum phytosterols in a family with familial hypercholesterolemia including a homozygous subject.

Ketomaki A ，Gylling H ，Miettinen TA 《journal of laboratory and clinical medicine》

Red cell and plasma plant sterols are related during consumption of plant stanol and sterol ester spreads in children with hypercholesterolemia.

Ketomäki AM ，Gylling H ，Antikainen M ，Siimes MA ，Miettinen TA ... -  《JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS》

Non-cholesterol sterols in serum, lipoproteins, and red cells in statin-treated FH subjects off and on plant stanol and sterol ester spreads.

Ketomäki A ，Gylling H ，Miettinen TA 《-》

Basal plasma concentrations of plant sterols can predict LDL-C response to sitosterol in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.

Fuentes F ，López-Miranda J ，García A ，Pérez-Martínez P ，Moreno J ，Cofan M ，Caballero J ，Paniagua JA ，Ros E ，Pérez-Jiménez F ... -  《EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION》