Identification of adulteration in water buffalo mozzarella and in ewe cheese by using whey proteins as biomarkers and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.

A rapid and accurate method to identify bovine and ewe milk adulteration of fresh water buffalo mozzarella cheese by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) is described. The differentiation among mozzarella made from water buffalo milk and from mixtures of less expensive bovine and, more recently, ewe milk with water buffalo milk is achieved using whey proteins, alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulins as molecular markers. It is worth noting that the method proposed here is, to our knowledge, the first strategy able to characterize possible fraudulent additions of ewe milk in samples of water buffalo milk devoted to the production of water buffalo mozzarella cheese. In addition, a linear relationship was found between the relative response of the molecular ion and the abundance of the analysed whey proteins. This demonstrates that this approach can be used to determine the amount of bovine or ovine milk added to water buffalo milk employed for mozzarella cheese production. Furthermore, this method also appears suitable for the analysis of ewe cheese. Hence these findings open the way to a new field for mass spectrometry in the evaluation of possible fraudulence in dairy industry production.

Cozzolino R ，Passalacqua S ，Salemi S ，Garozzo D ... -  《JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY》

The potential of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry in the quality control of water buffalo mozzarella cheese.

Angeletti R ，Gioacchini AM ，Seraglia R ，Piro R ，Traldi P ... -  《-》

Identification of adulteration in milk by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

The development is described of a rapid, simply and accurate analytical method aimed at evaluating both the presence of cow milk in either raw ewe and water buffalo milk samples employed in industrial processes and the addition of powdered milk to samples of fresh raw milk, using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). The presence of adulteration is defined by evaluating the protein patterns coming from the most abundant whey proteins, alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin, used as molecular markers. As no pretreatment of the milk samples is required and owing to the speed and ease of use of MALDI-MS the proposed analytical protocol can be used as a routine strategy for the identification of possible adulteration of the raw fresh milk samples that the dairy industry receives from producers every day.

Cozzolino R ，Passalacqua S ，Salemi S ，Malvagna P ，Spina E ，Garozzo D ... -  《JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY》

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry in the dairy industry. 2. The protein fingerprint of ewe cheese and its application to detection of adulteration by bovine milk.

Fanton C ，Delogu G ，Maccioni E ，Podda G ，Seraglia R ，Traldi P ... -  《RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY》

Real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction detection and quantification of cow DNA in pure water buffalo mozzarella cheese: method validation and its application on commercial samples.

Mozzarella cheese obtained from buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) milk is a typical Italian product certificated by means of the European Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). Mozzarella cheese can also be obtained from bovine milk or bovine/buffalo milk mixtures, but in this case, it cannot be sold as PDO product, and its label must report the actual ingredients. However, bovine milk in PDO products was frequently detected in the past, suggesting fraudulent addition or accidental contamination. Several methods based on end-point polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been profitably applied in a large number of tests to detect the presence of undeclared ingredients, also in dairy products. In the present study we report a real-time PCR method able to quantify bovine milk addition to pure buffalo cheese products. We validated a normalized procedure based on two targets: bovine mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) to detect and quantify the bovine DNA and nuclear growth hormone (GH) gene used as a universal reference marker. With the use of this real-time PCR assay, 64 commercial mozzarella di bufala cheese samples purchased at local supermarkets, dairy shops, or directly from cheese manufacturers were analyzed. The results obtained demonstrate that most of the commercial samples were contaminated with bovine milk. Therefore, this assay could be conveniently employed to carry out routine and accurate controls aimed not only to discourage any fraudulent behavior but also to reduce risks for consumer health.

Lopparelli RM ，Cardazzo B ，Balzan S ，Giaccone V ，Novelli E ... -  《JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY》