Coreceptor usage of sequential isolates from cynomolgus monkeys experimentally Infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVsm).

Sequential isolates from eight cynomolgus monkeys experimentally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVsm, of sooty mangabey origin) were tested for coreceptor use in the human osteosarcoma indicator cell line, GHOST(3), expressing CD4 and one or another of the chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR5, CXCR4, BOB, or the orphan receptor Bonzo. The indicator cell line carries the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 long terminal repeat-driven green fluorescence protein gene that becomes activated upon infection with HIV or SIV and fluorescence can be quantitated by flow cytometric analysis. The methodological details are described in the accompanying paper (Vödrös et al., 2001, Virology 290, in press). All SIVsm inoculum viruses and reisolates used CCR5 with a high level of efficiency. CCR5 use was stable over time. BOB and Bonzo use was less efficient than CCR5 use and, in particular, late isolates obtained at the time of immunodeficiency varied greatly in their coreceptor use and often could not establish a productive infection in BOB- or Bonzo-expressing cells. Unexpectedly, early reisolates obtained 12 days postinfection could infect the entire GHOST(3) panel including the parental cells. In one case this was due to use of CXCR4, either transfected or endogenously expressed on the GHOST(3) cells. Our results demonstrate the complex coreceptor use of SIVsm isolates. Moreover, they focus attention on the initial phase of virus replication when the availability of target cells may govern the replication pattern of the virus.

Vödrös D ，Thorstensson R ，Biberfeld G ，Schols D ，De Clercq E ，Fenyö EM ... -  《VIROLOGY》

Quantitative evaluation of HIV-1 coreceptor use in the GHOST3 cell assay.

The utility of the GHOST(3) cell assay has been evaluated for testing coreceptor use of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates. GHOST(3) cells were derived from the human osteosarcoma cell line, HOS, and have been engineered to stably express CD4 and one or another of the chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR5, CXCR4, Bonzo, or the orphan receptor BOB. The indicator cell line carries the HIV-2 long terminal repeat-driven green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene, which becomes activated upon infection with HIV or simian immunodeficiency virus. Viral entry is followed by Tat activation of transcription and GFP becomes expressed. Infected cells can be detected 2 or 3 days after infection by simple fluorescence microscopic observation. This simplicity is the main advantage of the GHOST(3) cell system and makes it particularly suitable for screening of a large number of isolates. In addition, the efficiency of coreceptor use can be accurately quantitated with flow cytometric analysis. Here, we evaluated the coreceptor use of 59 primary HIV-1 isolates of different subtypes.

Vödrös D ，Tscherning-Casper C ，Navea L ，Schols D ，De Clercq E ，Fenyö EM ... -  《-》

Simian immunodeficiency viruses of diverse origin can use CXCR4 as a coreceptor for entry into human cells.

Owen SM ，Masciotra S ，Novembre F ，Yee J ，Switzer WM ，Ostyula M ，Lal RB ... -  《-》

Coreceptor usage of BOB/GPR15 and Bonzo/STRL33 by primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

P Hlmann S ，Krumbiegel M ，Kirchhoff F 《JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY》

Primary human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) isolates, like HIV-1 isolates, frequently use CCR5 but show promiscuity in coreceptor usage.

Mörner A ，Björndal A ，Albert J ，Kewalramani VN ，Littman DR ，Inoue R ，Thorstensson R ，Fenyö EM ，Björling E ... -  《-》