High prevalence of oncogenic human papillomavirus in the genital tract of women with human immunodeficiency virus.

The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Mexico. Cases included women who were positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and accepted to participate. There were two control groups in this study: group A, heterosexual partners of HIV+ men; group B, commercial sex workers. Gynecologic examination was performed in all participants. Also, a cervical smear with colposcopy and a sample for detection of HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were obtained in all subjects, as were CD4+ counts. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence interval were calculated. Eighty-five HIV+ women agreed to participate in this study; the route of HIV infection was heterosexual in 78.8%; transfusion in 8.2%; paid donors in 3.5%; and 9.4% unknown. A total of 9 controls were included: 4 from group A and 5 from group B. HPV DNA was detected by PCR in 57 (69%) cases and in 26 (29%) controls from both groups (P < 0.0001). The RR of HPV infection was 5.5 (2.7-11.5). Also, a significant difference in the prevalence of high-risk HPV types was observed between cases and controls, RR = 12.8 (4.07-42.9). These associations were independent of CD4+ counts and antiretroviral therapy. No association was observed between HIV infection and the risk for high-grade SIL. We observed a high prevalence of oncogenic HPV types in HIV-positive women. These women should be screened regularly for early diagnosis of premalignant lesions and prevention of cervical cancer.

Volkow P ，Rubí S ，Lizano M ，Carrillo A ，Vilar-Compte D ，García-Carrancá A ，Sotelo R ，García B ，Sierra-Madero J ，Mohar A ... -  《GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY》

Prevalence and risk factors for anal human papillomavirus infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and high-risk HIV-negative women.

Palefsky JM ，Holly EA ，Ralston ML ，Da Costa M ，Greenblatt RM ... -  《JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES》

Factors predicting the persistence of genital human papillomavirus infections and PAP smear abnormality in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women during prospective follow-up.

Branca M ，Garbuglia AR ，Benedetto A ，Cappiello T ，Leoncini L ，Migliore G ，Agarossi A ，Syrjänen K ，DIANAIDS Collaborative Study Group ... -  《INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS》

Anal and cervical human papillomavirus infection and risk of anal and cervical epithelial abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women.

Williams AB ，Darragh TM ，Vranizan K ，Ochia C ，Moss AR ，Palefsky JM ... -  《OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY》

Natural history and possible reactivation of human papillomavirus in human immunodeficiency virus-positive women.

Strickler HD ，Burk RD ，Fazzari M ，Anastos K ，Minkoff H ，Massad LS ，Hall C ，Bacon M ，Levine AM ，Watts DH ，Silverberg MJ ，Xue X ，Schlecht NF ，Melnick S ，Palefsky JM ... -  《-》